NDLI: Silent Shredder:Zero-Cost Shredding for Secure Non-Volatile Main Memory Controllers (SIGP, Vol. 51, Issue. 4)

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Manadhata, Pratyusa Solihin, Yan Horne, William Awad, Amro Haber, Stuart
Abstract	As non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies are expected to replace DRAM in the near future, new challenges have emerged. For example, NVMs have slow and power-consuming writes, and limited write endurance. In addition, NVMs have a data remanence vulnerability, i.e., they retain data for a long time after being powered off. NVM encryption alleviates the vulnerability, but exacerbates the limited endurance by increasing the number of writes to memory. We observe that, in current systems, a large percentage of main memory writes result from data shredding in operating systems, a process of zeroing out physical pages before mapping them to new processes, in order to protect previous processes' data. In this paper, we propose Silent Shredder, which repurposes initialization vectors used in standard counter mode encryption to completely eliminate the data shredding writes. Silent Shredder also speeds up reading shredded cache lines, and hence reduces power consumption and improves overall performance. To evaluate our design, we run three PowerGraph applications and 26 multi-programmed workloads from the SPEC 2006 suite, on a gem5-based full system simulator. Silent Shredder eliminates an average of 48.6% of the writes in the initialization and graph construction phases. It speeds up main memory reads by 3.3 times, and improves the number of instructions per cycle (IPC) by 6.4% on average. Finally, we discuss several use cases, including virtual machines' data isolation and user-level large data initialization, where Silent Shredder can be used effectively at no extra cost.
Starting Page	263
Ending Page	276
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03621340 15581160
DOI	10.1145/2954679.2872377
Journal	ACM SIGPLAN Notices (SIGP)
Volume Number	51
Issue Number	4
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	1983-05-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Hardware security Phase-change memory Data protection Keywords encryption
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Software

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