NDLI: A deep generative architecture for postfiltering in statistical parametric speech synthesis

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Ling, Zhen-Hua Raitio, Tuomo Yamagishi, Junichi Chen, Ling-Hui Valentini-botinhao, Cassia
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	The generated speech of hidden Markov model (HMM)-based statistical parametric speech synthesis still sounds "muffled." One cause of this degradation in speech quality may be the loss of fine spectral structures. In this paper, we propose to use a deep generative architecture, a deep neural network (DNN) generatively trained, as a postfilter. The network models the conditional probability of the spectrum of natural speech given that of synthetic speech to compensate for such gap between synthetic and natural speech. The proposed probabilistic postfilter is generatively trained by cascading two restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) or deep belief networks (DBNs) with one bidirectional associative memory (BAM). We devised two types of DNN postfilters: one operating in the mel-cepstral domain and the other in the higher dimensional spectral domain. We compare these two new data-driven postfilters with other types of postfilters that are currently used in speech synthesis: a fixed mel-cepstral based postfilter, the global variance based parameter generation, and the modulation spectrum-based enhancement. Subjective evaluations using the synthetic voices of a male and female speaker confirmed that the proposed DNN-based postfilter in the spectral domain significantly improved the segmental quality of synthetic speech compared to that with conventional methods.
Starting Page	2003
Ending Page	2014
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	23299290
e-ISSN	23299304
DOI	10.1109/TASLP.2015.2461448
Volume Number	23
Issue Number	11
Journal	IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing (TASLP)
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	2015-11-01
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Deep generative architecture Hidden Markov model (HMM) Modulation spectrum Postfilter Segmental quality Speech synthesis
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Instrumentation Computational Mathematics Signal Processing Electrical and Electronic Engineering Acoustics and Ultrasonics Speech and Hearing Media Technology

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