NDLI: A Retargetable Static Binary Translator for the ARM Architecture

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Hsu, Wei-Chung Shen, Bor-Yeh Yang, Wuu
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Machines designed with new but incompatible Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) may lack proper applications. Binary translation can address this incompatibility by migrating applications from one legacy ISA to a new one, although binary translation has problems such as code discovery for variable-length ISA and code location issues for handling indirect branches. Dynamic Binary Translation (DBT) has been widely adopted for migrating applications since it avoids those problems. Static Binary Translation (SBT) is a less general solution and has not been actively researched. However, SBT performs more aggressive optimizations, which could yield more compact code and better code quality. Applications translated by SBT can consume less memory, processor cycles, and power than DBT and can be started more quickly. These advantages are even more critical for embedded systems than for general systems. In this article, we designed and implemented a new SBT tool, called LLBT, which translates ARM instructions into LLVM IRs and then retargets the LLVM IRs to various ISAs, including ×86, ×86--64, ARM, and MIPS. LLBT leverages two important functionalities from LLVM: comprehensive optimizations and retargetability. More importantly, LLBT solves the code discovery problem for ARM/Thumb binaries without resorting to interpretation. LLBT also effectively reduced the size of the address mapping table, making SBT a viable solution for embedded systems. Our experiments based on the EEMBC benchmark suite show that the LLBT-generated code can run more than 6× and 2.3× faster on average than emulation with QEMU and HQEMU, respectively.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	25
Page Count	25
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15443566
e-ISSN	15443973
DOI	10.1145/2629335
Volume Number	11
Issue Number	2
Journal	ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	2014-06-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Binary translation Compiler Intermediate representation Retargeting
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Hardware and Architecture Information Systems Software

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