NDLI: Monocytes are major players in the prognosis and risk of infection after acute stroke.

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Psychosocial functioning of spouses of patients with stroke from initial inpatient rehabilitation to 3 years poststroke: course and relations with coping strategies.

Long-term health-related quality of life after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: relationship with psychological symptoms and personality characteristics.

Monocytes are major players in the prognosis and risk of infection after acute stroke.

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Thrombolysis in stroke mimics: frequency, clinical characteristics, and outcome.

Impact of prehypertension on common carotid artery intima-media thickness and left ventricular mass.

Prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism and insulin resistance among subtypes of ischemic stroke in Japanese patients.

Motor imagery after subcortical stroke: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Chronic kidney disease and clinical outcome in patients with acute stroke.

The effectiveness of the Bobath concept in stroke rehabilitation: what is the evidence?

Retrograde embolism from the descending aorta: visualization by multidirectional 3D velocity mapping in cryptogenic stroke.

Brain lesions in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.

May-Thurner syndrome in patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale: an important clinical association.

Resident-based acute stroke protocol is expeditious and safe.

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Insulin-like growth factor I: a potential neuroprotective compound for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke?

Stroke in women: an evolving topic.

Sex-related differences in quality of care and short-term mortality among patients with acute stroke in Denmark: a nationwide follow-up study.

Gender differences in presenting and prodromal stroke symptoms.

Perception of risk and knowledge of risk factors in women at high risk for stroke.

Quality of care in women with ischemic stroke in the GWTG program.

Do presenting symptoms explain sex differences in emergency department delays among patients with acute stroke?

Gender differences in stroke incidence and poststroke disability in the Framingham heart study.

Sex differences in incidence, mortality, and survival in individuals with stroke in Scotland, 1986 to 2005.

Does sex matter? Thirty-day stroke and death rates after carotid artery stenting in women versus men: results from the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST) lead-in phase.

Gender differences in the Colorado Stroke Registry.

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The risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage during pregnancy, delivery, and the puerperium in the Utrecht population: case-crossover study and standardized incidence ratio estimation.

General and abdominal adiposity and risk of stroke in Chinese women.

Progestogen-only contraceptives and the risk of stroke: a meta-analysis.

First trimester stroke prophylaxis in pregnant women with a history of stroke.

Parity and carotid atherosclerosis in men and women: insights into the roles of childbearing and child-rearing.

Reproductive history, oral contraceptive use, and the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stoke in a cohort study of middle-aged Swedish women.

Gender influences cerebral vascular responses to angiotensin II through Nox2-derived reactive oxygen species.

Magnesium sulfate for the treatment of eclampsia: a brief review.

Cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in young women: atherosclerosis risk factors in female youngsters (ARFY study).

Ethnic distribution of ECG predictors of atrial fibrillation and its impact on understanding the ethnic distribution of ischemic stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

Applying the evidence: do patients with stroke, coronary artery disease, or both achieve similar treatment goals?

Subacute stent thrombosis in intracranial stenting.

Quality of in-hospital stroke care according to evidence-based performance measures: results from the first audit of stroke, Catalonia, Spain.

Birth parameters are associated with late-life white matter integrity in community-dwelling older people.

Ultrafast high-resolution in vivo volume-CTA of mice cerebral vessels.

Incidental intracranial aneurysms in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis: a CT angiography study and a metaanalysis.

Ceruloplasmin/Transferrin system is related to clinical status in acute stroke.

Intracerebral hemorrhage: what's next?

Postpublication external review of the Japanese guidelines for the management of stroke 2004.

New-onset constipation at acute stage after first stroke: incidence, risk factors, and impact on the stroke outcome.

VEGF Stimulates the ERK 1/2 signaling pathway and apoptosis in cerebral endothelial cells after ischemic conditions.

Results of the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial by stroke subtypes.

Postacute reevaluation may prevent Dysphagia-associated morbidity.

Social class, risk factors, and stroke incidence in men and women: a prospective study in the European prospective investigation into cancer in Norfolk cohort.

Genomics of human intracranial aneurysm wall.

Thrombin inhibition by argatroban ameliorates early brain injury and improves neurological outcomes after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.

Using historical lesion volume data in the design of a new phase II clinical trial in acute stroke.

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Randomized controlled trials comparing endarterectomy and endovascular treatment for carotid artery stenosis: a Cochrane systematic review.

Responsiveness and validity of three outcome measures of motor function after stroke rehabilitation.

Homocysteine-lowering therapy and stroke risk, severity, and disability: additional findings from the HOPE 2 trial.

Clinical and imaging data at 5 days as a surrogate for 90-day outcome in ischemic stroke.

Preeclampsia-eclampsia and the risk of stroke among peripartum in Taiwan.

Age at natural menopause and risk of ischemic stroke: the Framingham heart study.

Effectiveness and safety of transcranial laser therapy for acute ischemic stroke.

Surrogate outcomes: a cautionary note.

Mechanisms of C-reactive protein-induced blood-brain barrier disruption.

Association between age-related hearing loss and stroke in an older population.

SKCa and IKCa Channels, myogenic tone, and vasodilator responses in middle cerebral arteries and parenchymal arterioles: effect of ischemia and reperfusion.

Intraventricular hemorrhage: severity factor and treatment target in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Clinical evidence that very small embryonic-like stem cells are mobilized into peripheral blood in patients after stroke.

Additional stroke-related and non-stroke-related cardiovascular costs and hospitalizations in managed-care patients after ischemic stroke.

Altered fibrin clot structure/function in patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke.

Vascular structure and function is correlated to cognitive performance and white matter hyperintensities in older hypertensive patients with subjective memory complaints.

Expediting MRI-based proof-of-concept stroke trials using an earlier imaging end point.

Prevalence of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis according to age and sex: systematic review and metaregression analysis.

Angiotensin AT2 receptor stimulation causes neuroprotection in a conscious rat model of stroke.

Excessive daytime sleepiness is an independent risk indicator for cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling elderly: the three city study.

Effectiveness of prism adaptation in neglect rehabilitation: a controlled trial study.

Analysis of 1008 consecutive patients aged 15 to 49 with first-ever ischemic stroke: the Helsinki young stroke registry.

Lack of association between variations of PDE4D and ischemic stroke in the Japanese population.

Apoptotic functions of PDCD10/CCM3, the gene mutated in cerebral cavernous malformation 3.

Role of bradykinin and catecholamines in cerebral infarction and brain edema.

Sex-differences in the impact of metabolic syndrome on tissue plasminogen activator-induced recanalization.

Atherosclerotic plaque surface morphology in the carotid bifurcation assessed with multidetector computed tomography angiography.

Pre-eclampsia is associated with increased risk of stroke in the adult offspring: the Helsinki birth cohort study.

Proposed criteria for metabolic syndrome in Japanese based on prospective evidence: the Hisayama study.

Hemoglobin concentration and cerebral metabolism in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Pulse pressure in youth and carotid intima-media thickness in adulthood: the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study.

Density and shape as CT predictors of intracerebral hemorrhage growth.

Is it ethical to have a placebo arm in reperfusion trials in the 3- to 6-hour time window? Yes.

The ethics of thrombolytic trials beyond 3 (or 4.5) hours: randomized controlled trials are required to change clinical practice.

Is it ethical to have a placebo arm in reperfusion trials in the 3- to 6-hour time window? No: time frame or time gain?

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Monocytes are major players in the prognosis and risk of infection after acute stroke.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Obach, Víctor Climent, Núria Cervera, Alvaro Chamorro, Angel Urra, Xabier Planas, Anna M.
Description	Country affiliation: Spain Author Affiliation: Urra X ( Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.)
Abstract	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Monocytes participate in adaptive and innate immune responses. Monocyte numbers increase in patients with stroke associated infection (SAI) or severe stroke. Whether changes in monocytes are related to specific effects, or simply mark brain damage, remains unsettled. METHODS: We used flow cytometry in 45 consecutive strokes and 12 healthy controls to assess the time course of monocytes, their phenotype, and the production of cytokines after stimulation. Cortisol, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-10 were measured in serum and metanephrine in plasma. The effects of humoral and cellular parameters on the risk of SAI and poor outcome were tested in multivariate analyses adjusted for confounders (NIHSS score, age, and tube feeding). RESULTS: Surface expression of human leukocyte antigen-DR, Toll-like receptor-2, and production of TNF-alpha in monocytes were independently associated with stroke. Distinct immune mechanisms were related with functional outcome and the risk of SAI; the signature of SAI included an increase of cortisol, metanephrine, and IL-10 in serum, and reduced production of TNF-alpha in monocytes; poor outcome was associated with increased expression of Toll-like receptor-4 in monocytes (OR, 9.61; 95% CI, 1.27-72.47). SAI did not predict poor outcome (OR, 5.63; 95% CI, 0.45-70.42; P=0.18). CONCLUSIONS: In human stroke, poor outcome is associated to innate responses mediated by Toll-like receptor-4 in monocytes. SAI may result from the immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory effects of corticoids, catecholamines, IL-10, and deactivated monocytes. Early treated SAI does not contribute significantly to additional brain damage. These findings encourage the exploration of strategies aimed to inhibit Toll-like receptor-4 signaling in acute stroke.
ISSN	00392499
e-ISSN	15244628
Journal	Stroke
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	40
Language	English
Publisher	Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (on behalf of the American Heart Association)
Publisher Date	2009-04-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Infection Epidemiology Immunology Monocytes Cytology Stroke Acute Disease Cytokines Blood Flow Cytometry Hla-dr Antigens Metabolism Hydrocortisone Immunophenotyping Metanephrine Prognosis Risk Factors Toll-like Receptor 2 Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Discipline Cardiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Neuroscience Advanced and Specialized Nursing Neurology (clinical)

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