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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Li, Xiqing Zhang, Huafang Du, Peng Hou, Linlin Li, Kaiyang Yang, Jun Li, Jing Wang, Congcong Xu, Zeqiong |
| Spatial Coverage | China |
| Description | Country affiliation: Canada Author Affiliation: Li J ( Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, PR China); Hou L ( Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, PR China.); Du P ( Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, PR China.); Yang J ( Beijing Urban Drainage Monitoring Center Co. Ltd., 100012 Beijing, PR China.); Li K ( Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, PR China.); Xu Z ( Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, PR China.); Wang C ( Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, PR China.); Zhang H ( Beijing Urban Drainage Monitoring Center Co. Ltd., 100012 Beijing, PR China.); Li X ( Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, PR China. Electronic address: xli@urban.pku.edu.cn.) |
| Abstract | Sewage epidemiology has been proven as an effective approach to estimate the use of illicit drugs by a population. In this study, sewage analysis was applied to examine the patterns of amphetamine (AMP) and methamphetamine (METH) uses in the urban area of Beijing. Influent and effluent samples were collected from all the thirteen sewage treatment plants (STPs) in the urban area during two sampling campaigns. METH concentrations in influents were found to range from several tens to several hundred ng·L(-1), whereas AMP concentrations ranged from several to several tens ng·L(-1). The concentration ratios between AMP and METH in influents at most STPs were close to the rate of AMP excretion following METH ingestion, indicating that AMP in sewage in Beijing was predominately from the metabolism of METH. Much higher METH loads were observed in the center part of the urban area in Beijing, indicating a strong correlation between METH use and economic level and entertainment activities. Seasonal variation in METH loads was significant, with greater use in summer than in winter. Significant difference in METH loads between weekdays and weekend days were observed in winter but not in summer. No clear trend in diurnal variation of METH use was observed. Nearly complete removal of METH occurred at the STPS in Beijing. Apparent removal rates of AMP were lower than those of METH, likely due to degradation of METH into AMP during the wastewater treatment processes. In summary, this study represents the first application of sewage epidemiology to the entire urban population of a metropolitan in mainland China and provided an overview of METH and AMP uses in the city. |
| ISSN | 00489697 |
| Volume Number | 490 |
| e-ISSN | 18791026 |
| Journal | Science of The Total Environment |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Publisher Date | 2014-08-15 |
| Publisher Place | Netherlands |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Amphetamine Analysis Environmental Monitoring Sewage Chemistry Street Drugs Substance Abuse Detection Methods Water Pollutants, Chemical China Cities Humans Methamphetamine Statistics & Numerical Data Waste Disposal, Fluid Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Discipline Environmental Science |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Environmental Chemistry Waste Management and Disposal Pollution Environmental Engineering |
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