| Content Provider |
World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
| Author |
Johnson, Heather E. Duris, Joseph W. Kolpin, Dana W. Meyer, Michael T. Oster, Ryan J. Focazio, Michael J. Haack, Sheridan K. Foreman, William T. |
| Description |
Author Affiliation: Haack SK ( U.S. Geological Survey, 6520 Mercantile Way, Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911, United States. Electronic address: skhaack@usgs.gov.); Duris JW ( U.S. Geological Survey, 6520 Mercantile Way, Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911, United States.); Kolpin DW ( U.S. Geological Survey, 400 South Clinton Street, Iowa City, IA 52240, United States.); Focazio MJ ( U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192, United States.); Meyer MT ( U.S. Geological Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Place, Lawrence, KS 66049, United States.); Johnson HE ( U.S. Geological Survey, 6520 Mercantile Way, Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911, United States.); Oster RJ ( U.S. Geological Survey, 6520 Mercantile Way, Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911, United States.); Foreman WT ( U.S. Geological Survey, P.O. Box 25585, Denver, CO 80225, United States.) |
| Abstract |
Animal waste, stream water, and streambed sediment from 19 small (<32km(2)) watersheds in 12U.S. states having either no major animal agriculture (control, n=4), or predominantly beef (n=4), dairy (n=3), swine (n=5), or poultry (n=3) were tested for: 1) cholesterol, coprostanol, estrone, and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations, and 2) shiga-toxin producing and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and pathogenic and vancomycin-resistant enterococci by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on enrichments, and/or direct quantitative PCR. Pathogen genes were most frequently detected in dairy wastes, followed by beef, swine and poultry wastes in that order; there was only one detection of an animal-source-specific pathogen gene (stx1) in any water or sediment sample in any control watershed. Post-rainfall pathogen gene numbers in stream water were significantly correlated with FIB, cholesterol and coprostanol concentrations, and were most highly correlated in dairy watershed samples collected from 3 different states. Although collected across multiple states and ecoregions, animal-waste gene profiles were distinctive via discriminant analysis. Stream water gene profiles could also be discriminated by the watershed animal type. Although pathogen genes were not abundant in stream water or streambed samples, PCR on enrichments indicated that many genes were from viable organisms, including several (shiga-toxin producing or enterotoxigenic E. coli, Salmonella, vancomycin-resistant enterococci) that could potentially affect either human or animal health. Pathogen gene numbers and types in stream water samples were influenced most by animal type, by local factors such as whether animals had stream access, and by the amount of local rainfall, and not by studied watershed soil or physical characteristics. Our results indicated that stream water in small agricultural U.S. watersheds was susceptible to pathogen gene inputs under typical agricultural practices and environmental conditions. Pathogen gene profiles may offer the potential to address both source of, and risks associated with, fecal pollution. |
| ISSN |
00489697 |
| Journal |
Science of The Total Environment |
| Volume Number |
563-564 |
| e-ISSN |
18791026 |
| Language |
English |
| Publisher |
Elsevier |
| Publisher Date |
2016-09-01 |
| Publisher Place |
Netherlands |
| Access Restriction |
One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword |
Discipline Environmental Science |
| Content Type |
Text |
| Resource Type |
Article |
| Subject |
Environmental Chemistry Waste Management and Disposal Pollution Environmental Engineering |
