NDLI: Reflections of ions in electrostatic analyzers: a case study with New Horizons/Solar Wind Around Pluto.

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Reflections of ions in electrostatic analyzers: a case study with New Horizons/Solar Wind Around Pluto.

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Reflections of ions in electrostatic analyzers: a case study with New Horizons/Solar Wind Around Pluto.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Allegrini, F. Ebert, R. W. Randol, B. M. McComas, D. J. Schwadron, N. A.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Randol BM ( Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA.)
Abstract	Electrostatic analyzers (ESAs), in various forms, are used to measure plasma in a range of applications. In this article, we describe how ions reflect from the interior surfaces of an ESA, the detection of which constitutes a fundamentally nonideal response of ESAs. We demonstrate this effect by comparing laboratory data from a real ESA-based space instrument, the Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument, aboard the NASA New Horizons spacecraft, to results from a model based on quantum mechanical simulations of particles reflected from the instrument's surfaces combined with simulations of particle trajectories through the instrument's applied electrostatic fields. Thus, we show, for the first time, how reflected ions in ESAs lead to nonideal effects that have important implications for understanding the data returned by these instruments, as well as for designing new low-background ESA-based instruments. Specifically, we show that the response of SWAP widens considerably below a level of 10(-3) of the peak response. Thus, a direct measurement of a plasma distribution with SWAP will have an energy-dependent background on the order of ≤10(-3) of the peak of the signal due to that distribution. We predict that this order of magnitude estimate for the background applies to a large number of ESA-based instruments because ESAs operate using a common principle. However, the exact shape of the energy-dependent response will be different for different instruments. The principle of operation is that ions outside the ideal range of energy-per-charge are deflected into the walls of the ESA. Therefore, we propose that a new design paradigm is necessary to mitigate the effect of ion reflections and thus accurately and directly measure the energy spectrum of a plasma using ESAs. In this article, we build a framework for minimizing the effect of ion reflections in the design of new ESAs. Through the use of existing computer simulation software, a design team can use our method to quantify the amount of reflections in their instrument and iteratively change design parameters before fabrication, conserving resources. A possible direction for the new design paradigm is having nonsolid walls of the ESA, already used in some applications.
ISSN	00346748
Issue Number	11
Journal	Review of Scientific Instruments
Volume Number	81
e-ISSN	10897623
Language	English
Publisher	American Institute of Physics
Publisher Date	2010-11-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Physics Discipline Chemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Instrumentation

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