Please wait, while we are loading the content...
Please wait, while we are loading the content...
| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Brown, Alexander M. Maraj, Brian K. V. Collins, David F. Kenwell, Zoltan R. |
| Description | Country affiliation: Canada Author Affiliation: Brown AM ( Human Neurophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.) |
| Abstract | INTRODUCTION: Loud sounds can decrease reaction time (RT) and increase force generated during voluntary contractions. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the loud starter's pistol at the Olympic Games allows runners closer to the starter to react sooner and stronger than runners farther away. METHODS: RT for the 100/110 m athletics events at the 2004 Olympics were obtained from International Association of Athletics Federations archives and binned by lane. Additionally, 12 untrained participants and four trained sprinters performed sprint starts from starting blocks modified to measure horizontal force. The 'go' signal, a recorded gunshot, was randomly presented at 80-100-120 dB. RESULTS: Runners closest to the starter at the Olympics had significantly lower RT than those further away. Mean RT for lane 1 (160 ms) was significantly lower than for lanes 2-8 (175 +/- 5 ms), and RT for lane 2 was significantly lower than that for lane 7. Experimentally, increasing 'go' signal intensity from 80-100-120 dB significantly decreased RT from 138 +/- 30 to 128 +/- 25 to 120 +/- 20 ms, respectively. Peak force was not influenced by sound intensity. However, time to peak force was significantly lower for the 120 dB compared to the 80-dB 'go' signal for untrained but not trained participants. When a startle response was evoked, RT was 18 ms lower than for starts with no startle. Startle did not alter peak force or time to peak force. CONCLUSION: Graded decreases in RT may reflect a summation-mediated reduction in audiomotor transmission time, whereas step-like decreases associated with startle may reflect a bypassing of specific cortical circuits. We suggest that procedures presently used to start the Olympic sprint events afford runners closer to the starter the advantage of hearing the 'go' signal louder; consequently, they react sooner but not more strongly than their competitors. |
| ISSN | 01959131 |
| Issue Number | 6 |
| Volume Number | 40 |
| e-ISSN | 15300315 |
| Journal | Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (on behalf of the American College of Sports Medicine) |
| Publisher Date | 2008-06-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Auditory Perception Physiology Reaction Time Reflex, Startle Adolescent Adult Athletic Performance Female Humans Male Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Discipline Sports Science |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation Sports Science |
National Digital Library of India (NDLI) is a virtual repository of learning resources which is not just a repository with search/browse facilities but provides a host of services for the learner community. It is sponsored and mentored by Ministry of Education, Government of India, through its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT). Filtered and federated searching is employed to facilitate focused searching so that learners can find the right resource with least effort and in minimum time. NDLI provides user group-specific services such as Examination Preparatory for School and College students and job aspirants. Services for Researchers and general learners are also provided. NDLI is designed to hold content of any language and provides interface support for 10 most widely used Indian languages. It is built to provide support for all academic levels including researchers and life-long learners, all disciplines, all popular forms of access devices and differently-abled learners. It is designed to enable people to learn and prepare from best practices from all over the world and to facilitate researchers to perform inter-linked exploration from multiple sources. It is developed, operated and maintained from Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur.
Learn more about this project from here.
NDLI is a conglomeration of freely available or institutionally contributed or donated or publisher managed contents. Almost all these contents are hosted and accessed from respective sources. The responsibility for authenticity, relevance, completeness, accuracy, reliability and suitability of these contents rests with the respective organization and NDLI has no responsibility or liability for these. Every effort is made to keep the NDLI portal up and running smoothly unless there are some unavoidable technical issues.
Ministry of Education, through its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT), has sponsored and funded the National Digital Library of India (NDLI) project.
| Sl. | Authority | Responsibilities | Communication Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education |
Sanctioning Authority | https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives |
| 2 | Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project | https://www.iitkgp.ac.in |
| 3 | National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project | Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in |
| 4 | Project PI / Joint PI | Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project |
Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon |
| 5 | Website/Portal (Helpdesk) | Queries regarding NDLI and its services | support@ndl.gov.in |
| 6 | Contents and Copyright Issues | Queries related to content curation and copyright issues | content@ndl.gov.in |
| 7 | National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club) | Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach | clubsupport@ndl.gov.in |
| 8 | Digital Preservation Centre (DPC) | Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books | dpc@ndl.gov.in |
| 9 | IDR Setup or Support | Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops | idr@ndl.gov.in |
|
Loading...
|