NDLI: Ice phase as an important factor on the seasonal variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Tumen River, Northeastern of China.

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Ice phase as an important factor on the seasonal variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Tumen River, Northeastern of China.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Kannan, Narayanan Fang, Yingyu Wang, Xinshun Cong, Linlin Li, Donghao He, Miao
Spatial Coverage	China
Description	Country affiliation: China Author Affiliation: Cong L ( Key Laboratory of Nature Resource, Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecular, Yanbian University, Ministry of Education, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province, China.)
Abstract	BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE: The climatic characteristic is a major parameter affecting on the distribution variation of organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The Tumen River is located in Northeastern of China. The winter era lasts for more than 5 months in a year, and the river water was frozen and covered by ice phase. Coal combustion is an essential heating source in the Tumen River Basin. The objective of this research is to study ice phase effect on the seasonal variation of PAHs in the Tumen River environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were collected from 13 sites along the River in March, July, October, and December of 2008. In addition, the ice sample, under ice water and air particulate were also collected in winter. The samples were analyzed for 16 PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, beazo[a]anthene, chrysene, beazo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, and benzo(ghi)perylene). The compounds were extracted from the water samples and solid samples using LLE and Soxhlet extraction technique, respectively, and it is determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Among 16 PAHs, fluorene, phenanthrene, and pyrene were found to be present in high concentrations and at high detection frequencies. The total concentration of PAHs in the water, particulate, sediment and ice phase ranged from 35.1-1.05 x 10(3) ng L(-1), 25.4-817 ng L(-1), 117-562 ng g(-1)and 62.8-136 ng g(-1), respectively. The levels of PAHs were generally higher in spring than other seasons. The ice phase in winter acts like a major reservoir of the pollutants and it is major contributor on the seasonal variation of PAHs in Tumen River. The PAHs found in water, particulate, and sediment in the Tumen River were possibly derived from similar pollution sources a proposition based on the compositions and isomer ratios of PAHs. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of PAHs was showed clear seasonal variation in the Tumen River environment, the ice phase and air pollution look like an important factor affecting on the seasonal variation. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: The ice phase as an important factor affecting on the seasonal variation of PAHs in Tumen River environment. Further studies regarding the effects of air pollution on the river and the mechanisms of migration and transformation of them in the environment are currently being conducted in our laboratory.
ISSN	09441344
Issue Number	7
Volume Number	17
e-ISSN	16147499
Journal	Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Language	English
Publisher	Springer
Publisher Date	2010-08-01
Publisher Place	Germany
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Carcinogens, Environmental Analysis Ice Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Rivers Chemistry Seasons Water Pollutants, Chemical Water Air Pollutants Isolation & Purification China Coal Environmental Restoration And Remediation Fluorenes Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Geologic Sediments Particulate Matter Phase Transition Phenanthrenes Pyrenes Reproducibility Of Results Stereoisomerism Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Discipline Environmental Science Discipline Environmental Chemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution Medicine

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Ice phase as an important factor on the seasonal variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Tumen River, Northeastern of China.

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