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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Heald, Rebecca Helmke, Kara J. |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Helmke KJ ( Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.); Heald R ( Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 bheald@berkeley.edu.) |
| Abstract | The spindle segregates chromosomes in dividing eukaryotic cells, and its assembly pathway and morphology vary across organisms and cell types. We investigated mechanisms underlying differences between meiotic spindles formed in egg extracts of two frog species. Small Xenopus tropicalis spindles resisted inhibition of two factors essential for assembly of the larger Xenopus laevis spindles: RanGTP, which functions in chromatin-driven spindle assembly, and the kinesin-5 motor Eg5, which drives antiparallel microtubule (MT) sliding. This suggested a role for the MT-associated protein TPX2 (targeting factor for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2), which is regulated by Ran and binds Eg5. Indeed, TPX2 was threefold more abundant in X. tropicalis extracts, and elevated TPX2 levels in X. laevis extracts reduced spindle length and sensitivity to Ran and Eg5 inhibition. Higher TPX2 levels recruited Eg5 to the poles, where MT density increased. We propose that TPX2 levels modulate spindle architecture through Eg5, partitioning MTs between a tiled, antiparallel array that promotes spindle expansion and a cross-linked, parallel architecture that concentrates MTs at spindle poles. |
| ISSN | 00219525 |
| e-ISSN | 15408140 |
| Journal | The Journal of Cell Biology |
| Issue Number | 3 |
| Volume Number | 206 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Rockefeller University Press (United States) |
| Publisher Date | 2014-08-04 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Cell Cycle Proteins Metabolism Microtubule-Associated Proteins Nuclear Proteins Oocytes Phosphoproteins Spindle Apparatus Xenopus Proteins Animals Cell Extracts Cell-Free System Kinesin Microtubules Ultrastructure Xenopus Laevis Ran GTP-Binding Protein Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Cell Biology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Cell Biology Medicine |
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