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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Abadía, Ivan Martínez-torres, Alex O. Travassos Da Rosa, Amelia P. Weaver, Scott C. Báez, Carmen Haddow, Andrew D. Cisneros, Julio Sosa, Nestor Forrester, Naomi Cedeño, Hector G. López-vergès, Sandra Carrera, Jean-paul Tesh, Robert B. Castaño, Elizabeth Vittor, Amy Y. Hernandez, Humberto Estripeaut, Dora Beltrán, Davis Díaz, Yamilka Wang, Eryu |
| Spatial Coverage | Panama |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Carrera JP ( Department of Research in Virology and Biotechnology, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama City, Panama.) |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: The eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses are pathogens that infect humans and horses in the Americas. Outbreaks of neurologic disease in humans and horses were reported in Panama from May through early August 2010. METHODS: We performed antibody assays and tests to detect viral RNA and isolate the viruses in serum samples from hospitalized patients. Additional cases were identified with enhanced surveillance. RESULTS: A total of 19 patients were hospitalized for encephalitis. Among them, 7 had confirmed EEE, 3 had VEE, and 1 was infected with both viruses; 3 patients died, 1 of whom had confirmed VEE. The clinical findings for patients with EEE included brain lesions, seizures that evolved to status epilepticus, and neurologic sequelae. An additional 99 suspected or probable cases of alphavirus infection were detected during active surveillance. In total, 13 cases were confirmed as EEE, along with 11 cases of VEE and 1 case of dual infection. A total of 50 cases in horses were confirmed as EEE and 8 as VEE; mixed etiologic factors were associated with 11 cases in horses. Phylogenetic analyses of isolates from 2 cases of equine infection with the EEE virus and 1 case of human infection with the VEE virus indicated that the viruses were of enzootic lineages previously identified in Panama rather than new introductions. CONCLUSIONS: Cases of EEE in humans in Latin America may be the result of ecologic changes that increased human contact with enzootic transmission cycles, genetic changes in EEE viral strains that resulted in increased human virulence, or an altered host range. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Panama.). |
| ISSN | 00284793 |
| e-ISSN | 15334406 |
| Journal | New England Journal of Medicine |
| Issue Number | 8 |
| Volume Number | 369 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Massachusetts Medical Society (United States) |
| Publisher Date | 2013-08-22 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Disease Outbreaks Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis, Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine Adolescent Animals Antibodies, Viral Blood Child, Preschool Genetics Immunology Isolation & Purification Epidemiology Veterinary Fatal Outcome Horse Diseases Horses Infant Panama Phylogeny RNA, Viral Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Medicine |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Medicine |
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