NDLI: Use of Vibrio cholerae vaccine in an outbreak in Guinea.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Grout, Lise Quilici, Marie-laure Legros, Dominique Ciglenecki, Iza Luquero, Francisco J. Mengel, Martin A. Serafini, Micaela Sakoba, Keita Diallo, Alpha Amadou Heile, Melat Traore, Bala Eiros, Jose Maria Grais, Rebecca F. Itama, Christian Page, Anne-laure
Spatial Coverage	Guinea
Description	Author Affiliation: Luquero FJ ( From Epicentre (F.J.L., L.G., A.-L.P., R.F.G.), African Cholera Surveillance Network, Agence de Médicine Préventive (K.S., M.A.M.), and National Reference Center for Vibrios and Cholera, Enteric Bacterial Pathogens Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur (M.-L.Q.) - all in Paris)
Abstract	BACKGROUND: The use of vaccines to prevent and control cholera is currently under debate. Shanchol is one of the two oral cholera vaccines prequalified by the World Health Organization; however, its effectiveness under field conditions and the protection it confers in the first months after administration remain unknown. The main objective of this study was to estimate the short-term effectiveness of two doses of Shanchol used as a part of the integrated response to a cholera outbreak in Africa. METHODS: We conducted a matched case-control study in Guinea between May 20 and October 19, 2012. Suspected cholera cases were confirmed by means of a rapid test, and controls were selected among neighbors of the same age and sex as the case patients. The odds of vaccination were compared between case patients and controls in bivariate and adjusted conditional logistic-regression models. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-odds ratio)×100. RESULTS: Between June 8 and October 19, 2012, we enrolled 40 case patients and 160 controls in the study for the primary analysis. After adjustment for potentially confounding variables, vaccination with two complete doses was associated with significant protection against cholera (effectiveness, 86.6%; 95% confidence interval, 56.7 to 95.8; P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, Shanchol was effective when used in response to a cholera outbreak in Guinea. This study provides evidence supporting the addition of vaccination as part of the response to an outbreak. It also supports the ongoing efforts to establish a cholera vaccine stockpile for emergency use, which would enhance outbreak prevention and control strategies. (Funded by Médecins sans Frontières.).
ISSN	00284793
Issue Number	22
Volume Number	370
e-ISSN	15334406
Journal	New England Journal of Medicine
Language	English
Publisher	Massachusetts Medical Society (United States)
Publisher Date	2014-05-29
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Cholera Vaccines Administration & Dosage Cholera Prevention & Control Disease Outbreaks Vibrio Cholerae Administration, Oral Adolescent Adult Case-Control Studies Epidemiology Economics Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) Drug Storage Female Guinea Humans Logistic Models Male Population Surveillance Young Adult Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Medicine
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine

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