NDLI: Role of the General Base Glu-268 in Nitroglycerin Bioactivation and Superoxide Formation by Aldehyde $Dehydrogenase-2^{*}$

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Role of the General Base Glu-268 in Nitroglycerin Bioactivation and Superoxide Formation by Aldehyde $Dehydrogenase-2^{*}$

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Role of the General Base Glu-268 in Nitroglycerin Bioactivation and Superoxide Formation by Aldehyde $Dehydrogenase-2^{*}$

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Gruber, Karl Gorren, Antonius C. F. Russwurm, Michael Zeller, Andreas Schmidt, Kurt Beretta, Matteo Wenzl, M. Verena Koesling, Doris Baral, Pravas K. Mayer, Bernd
Description	Author Affiliation: Wenzl MV ( Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria.)
Abstract	Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) plays an essential role in nitroglycerin (GTN) bioactivation, resulting in formation of NO or a related activator of soluble guanylate cyclase. ALDH2 denitrates GTN to 1,2-glyceryl dinitrate and nitrite but also catalyzes reduction of GTN to NO. To elucidate the relationship between ALDH2-catalyzed GTN bioconversion and established ALDH2 activities (dehydrogenase, esterase), we compared the function of the wild type (WT) enzyme with mutants lacking either the reactive Cys-302 (C302S) or the general base Glu-268 (E268Q). Although the C302S mutation led to >90% loss of all enzyme activities, the E268Q mutant exhibited virtually unaffected rates of GTN denitration despite low dehydrogenase and esterase activities. The nucleotide co-factor NAD caused a pronounced increase in the rates of 1,2-glyceryl dinitrate formation by WT-ALDH2 but inhibited the reaction catalyzed by the E268Q mutant. GTN bioactivation measured as activation of purified soluble guanylate cyclase or release of NO in the presence of WT- or E268Q-ALDH2 was markedly potentiated by superoxide dismutase, suggesting that bioavailability of GTN-derived NO is limited by co-generation of superoxide. Formation of superoxide was confirmed by determination of hydroethidine oxidation that was inhibited by superoxide dismutase and the ALDH2 inhibitor chloral hydrate. E268Q-ALDH2 exhibited ∼50% lower rates of superoxide formation than the WT enzyme. Our results suggest that Glu-268 is involved in the structural organization of the NAD-binding pocket but is not required for GTN denitration. ALDH2-catalyzed superoxide formation may essentially contribute to oxidative stress in GTN-exposed blood vessels.
ISSN	00219258
e-ISSN	1083351X
Journal	Journal of Biological Chemistry
Issue Number	30
Volume Number	284
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (United States)
Publisher Date	2009-07-24
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Genetics Metabolism Nitroglycerin Superoxides Isolation & Purification Animals Escherichia Coli Guanylate Cyclase Lung Chemistry NAD Nitric Oxide Analogs & Derivatives Point Mutation Receptors, Cytoplasmic And Nuclear Superoxide Dismutase Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Biochemistry Molecular Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Biochemistry Molecular Biology

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