| Content Provider |
World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
| Author |
Zhang, Yi-ya Liang, Song-ping Huang, Peng-fei Huang, Yong Zhu, Li Luo, Ji He, Quan-ze Liu, Jin-yan Zeng, Xiong-zhi Lu, Shan-shan |
| Description |
Author Affiliation: Zhang YY ( From the Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China and.); Huang Y ( the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China.); He QZ ( From the Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China and.); Luo J ( From the Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China and.); Zhu L ( From the Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China and.); Lu SS ( From the Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China and.); Liu JY ( From the Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China and.); Huang PF ( From the Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China and.); Zeng XZ ( From the Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China and xiongzhizeng@gmail.com.); Liang SP ( From the Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China and liangsp@hunnu.edu.cn.) |
| Abstract |
Spider venom is a complex mixture of bioactive peptides to subdue their prey. Early estimates suggested that over 400 venom peptides are produced per species. In order to investigate the mechanisms responsible for this impressive diversity, transcriptomics based on second generation high throughput sequencing was combined with peptidomic assays to characterize the venom of the tarantula Haplopelma hainanum. The genes expressed in the venom glands were identified, and the bioactivity of their protein products was analyzed using the patch clamp technique. A total of 1,136 potential toxin precursors were identified that clustered into 90 toxin groups, of which 72 were novel. The toxin peptides clustered into 20 cysteine scaffolds that included between 4 and 12 cysteines, and 14 of these groups were newly identified in this spider. Highly abundant toxin peptide transcripts were present and resulted from hypermutation and/or fragment insertion/deletion. In combination with variable post-translational modifications, this genetic variability explained how a limited set of genes can generate hundreds of toxin peptides in venom glands. Furthermore, the intraspecies venom variability illustrated the dynamic nature of spider venom and revealed how complex components work together to generate diverse bioactivities that facilitate adaptation to changing environments, types of prey, and milking regimes in captivity. |
| ISSN |
00219258 |
| e-ISSN |
1083351X |
| Journal |
Journal of Biological Chemistry |
| Issue Number |
22 |
| Volume Number |
290 |
| Language |
English |
| Publisher |
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (United States) |
| Publisher Date |
2015-05-29 |
| Publisher Place |
United States |
| Access Restriction |
Open |
| Subject Keyword |
Proteomics Spider Venoms Chemistry Amino Acid Sequence Animals Cysteine DNA, Complementary Metabolism Expressed Sequence Tags Gene Deletion Molecular Sequence Data Mutation Neurons Neurotoxins Patch-Clamp Techniques Peptides Phylogeny Protein Processing, Post-Translational Sequence Analysis, DNA Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid Spiders Transcription, Genetic Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Biochemistry Molecular Biology |
| Content Type |
Text |
| Resource Type |
Article |
| Subject |
Cell Biology Biochemistry Molecular Biology |
