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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Okamoto, Shu-ichi Lipton, Stuart A. |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Okamoto S ( Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA); Lipton SA ( Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA) |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) is a pleiotropic messenger molecule. The multidimensional actions of NO species are, in part, mediated by their redox nature. Oxidative posttranslational modification of cysteine residues to regulate protein function, termed S-nitrosylation, constitutes a major form of redox-based signaling by NO. SCOPE OF REVIEW: S-Nitrosylation directly modifies a number of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins in neurons. S-Nitrosylation modulates neuronal development by reaction with specific proteins, including the transcription factor MEF2. This review focuses on the impact of S-nitrosylation on neurogenesis and neuronal development. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Functional characterization of S-nitrosylated proteins that regulate neuronal development represents a rapidly emerging field. Recent studies reveal that S-nitrosylation-mediated redox signaling plays an important role in several biological processes essential for neuronal differentiation and maturation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Investigation of S-nitrosylation in the nervous system has elucidated new molecular and cellular mechanisms for neuronal development. S-Nitrosylated proteins in signaling networks modulate key events in brain development. Dysregulation of this redox-signaling pathway may contribute to neurodevelopmental disabilities such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Thus, further elucidation of the involvement of S-nitrosylation in brain development may offer potential therapeutic avenues for neurodevelopmental disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation. |
| ISSN | 00063002 |
| Journal | Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer |
| Issue Number | 8 |
| Volume Number | 1850 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Publisher Date | 2015-08-01 |
| Publisher Place | Netherlands |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Neurogenesis Neurons Metabolism Nitric Oxide Protein Processing, Post-Translational Brain Cytology Growth & Development Cysteine Models, Neurological Signal Transduction Transcription Factors Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Biochemistry |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
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