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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Leppla, S. H. |
| Abstract | Anthrax toxin is composed of three proteins: protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF). These proteins individually cause no known physiological effects in animals but in pairs produce two toxic actions. Injection of PA with LF causes death of rats in 60 min, whereas PA with EF causes edema in the skin of rabbits and guinea pigs. The mechanisms of action of these proteins have not been determined. It is shown here that EF is an adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] produced by Bacillus anthracis in an inactive form. Activation occurs upon contact with a heat-stable eukaryotic cell material. The specific activity of the resulting adenylate cyclase nearly equals that of the most active known cyclase. In Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to PA and EF, cAMP concentrations increase without a lag to values about 200-fold above normal, remain high in the continued presence of toxin, and decrease rapidly after its removal. The increase in cAMP is completely blocked by excess LF. It is suggested that PA interacts with cells to form a receptor system by which EF and perhaps LF gain access to the cytoplasm. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 10 |
| Volume Number | 79 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 1982-09-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Adenylate Cyclase Metabolism Bacillus Anthracis Enzymology Bacterial Toxins Edema Animals Cells, Cultured Cholera Toxin Pharmacology Cricetinae Cyclic AMP Biosynthesis Cytoplasm Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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