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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Anders, Robin F. Strike, Phillip Batchelor, Adrian H. Bai, Tao Gupta, Aditi Murphy, Vince J. Becker, Michael |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Bai T ( University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.); |
| Abstract | Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) is a leading malaria vaccine candidate that possesses polymorphisms that may pose a problem for a vaccine based on this antigen. Knowledge of the distribution of the polymorphic sites on the surface of AMA1 is necessary to obtain a detailed understanding of their significance for vaccine development. For this reason we have sought to determine the three-dimensional structure of AMA1 using x-ray crystallography. The central two-thirds of AMA1 is relatively conserved among Plasmodium species as well as more distantly related apicomplexan parasites, and contains two clusters of disulfide-bonded cysteines termed domains I and II. The crystal structure of this fragment of AMA1 reported here reveals that domains I+II consists of two intimately associated PAN domains. PAN domain I contains many long loops that extend from the domain core and form a scaffold for numerous polymorphic residues. This extreme adaptation of a PAN domain reveals how malaria parasites have introduced significant flexibility and variation into AMA1 to evade protective human antibody responses. The polymorphisms on the AMA1 surface are exclusively located on one side of the molecule, presumably because this region of AMA1 is most accessible to antibodies reacting with the parasite surface. Moreover, the most highly polymorphic residues surround a conserved hydrophobic trough that is ringed by domain I and domain II loops. Precedents set by viral receptor proteins would suggest that this is likely to be the AMA1 receptor binding pocket. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 36 |
| Volume Number | 102 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 2005-09-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Antigens, Protozoan Chemistry Genetics Membrane Proteins Plasmodium Falciparum Polymorphism, Genetic Protozoan Proteins Amino Acid Sequence Animals Metabolism Binding Sites Crystallography, X-Ray Hydrophobic And Hydrophilic Interactions Models, Molecular Molecular Sequence Data Protein Structure, Tertiary Sequence Alignment Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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