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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Walczak, Piotr Li, Nan Downey, John E. Thakor, Nitish V. Joel, Suresh E. Pekar, James J. Pelled, Galit Bar-shir, Amnon Gilad, Assaf A. Kim, Heechul |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Li N ( FM Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.); |
| Abstract | Peripheral nerve injury causes sensory dysfunctions that are thought to be attributable to changes in neuronal activity occurring in somatosensory cortices both contralateral and ipsilateral to the injury. Recent studies suggest that distorted functional response observed in deprived primary somatosensory cortex (S1) may be the result of an increase in inhibitory interneuron activity and is mediated by the transcallosal pathway. The goal of this study was to develop a strategy to manipulate and control the transcallosal activity to facilitate appropriate plasticity by guiding the cortical reorganization in a rat model of sensory deprivation. Since transcallosal fibers originate mainly from excitatory pyramidal neurons somata situated in laminae III and V, the excitatory neurons in rat S1 were engineered to express halorhodopsin, a light-sensitive chloride pump that triggers neuronal hyperpolarization. Results from electrophysiology, optical imaging, and functional MRI measurements are concordant with that within the deprived S1, activity in response to intact forepaw electrical stimulation was significantly increased by concurrent illumination of halorhodopsin over the healthy S1. Optogenetic manipulations effectively decreased the adverse inhibition of deprived cortex and revealed the major contribution of the transcallosal projections, showing interhemispheric neuroplasticity and thus, setting a foundation to develop improved rehabilitation strategies to restore cortical functions. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 21 |
| Volume Number | 108 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 2011-05-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Diagnostic Imaging Neuronal Plasticity Peripheral Nerve Injuries Trauma, Nervous System Pathology Animals Brain Mapping Disease Models, Animal Halorhodopsins Genetics Interneurons Protein Engineering Sensory Deprivation Somatosensory Cortex Physiopathology Diagnosis Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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