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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Lee, Kitack Lee, Sung Yeon Lee, Kyung Ha Seong, Kyeong Ah Nam, Seung Won Jeong, Hae Jin Yih, Wonho Lim, An Suk Yoo, Yeong Du Kang, Nam Seon Shin, Woongghi Lee, Moo Joon Kim, Hyung Seop |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Jeong HJ ( School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea. hjjeong@snu.ac.kr); |
| Abstract | Survival of free-living and symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) in coral reefs is critical to the maintenance of a healthy coral community. Most coral reefs exist in oligotrophic waters, and their survival strategy in such nutrient-depleted waters remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that two strains of Symbiodinium spp. cultured from the environment and acquired from the tissues of the coral Alveopora japonica had the ability to feed heterotrophically. Symbiodinium spp. fed on heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria (Synechococcus spp.), and small microalgae in both nutrient-replete and nutrient-depleted conditions. Cultured free-living Symbiodinium spp. displayed no autotrophic growth under nitrogen-depleted conditions, but grew when provided with prey. Our results indicate that Symbiodinium spp.'s mixotrophic activity greatly increases their chance of survival and their population growth under nitrogen-depleted conditions, which tend to prevail in coral habitats. In particular, free-living Symbiodinium cells acquired considerable nitrogen from algal prey, comparable to or greater than the direct uptake of ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, or urea. In addition, free-living Symbiodinium spp. can be a sink for planktonic cyanobacteria (Synechococcus spp.) and remove substantial portions of Synechococcus populations from coral reef waters. Our discovery of Symbiodinium's feeding alters our conventional views of the survival strategies of photosynthetic Symbiodinium and corals. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 31 |
| Volume Number | 109 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 2012-08-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Dinoflagellida Genetics Metabolism Genes, Protozoan Coral Reefs Cytology Molecular Sequence Data Nitrogen Synechococcus Water Microbiology Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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