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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Doane, Timothy A. Zhu, Xia Burger, Martin Horwath, William R. |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Zhu X ( Center for Ecological Studies, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.); |
| Abstract | The continuous increase of nitrous oxide $(N_{2}O)$ abundance in the atmosphere is a global concern. Multiple pathways of $N_{2}O$ production occur in soil, but their significance and dependence on oxygen $(O_{2})$ availability and nitrogen (N) fertilizer source are poorly understood. We examined $N_{2}O$ and nitric oxide (NO) production under 21%, 3%, 1%, 0.5%, and 0% (vol/vol) $O_{2}$ concentrations following urea or ammonium sulfate $[(NH_{4})_{2}SO_{4}]$ additions in loam, clay loam, and sandy loam soils that also contained ample nitrate. The contribution of the ammonia $(NH_{3})$ oxidation pathways (nitrifier nitrification, nitrifier denitrification, and nitrification-coupled denitrification) and heterotrophic denitrification (HD) to $N_{2}O$ production was determined in 36-h incubations in microcosms by $^{15}N-^{18}O$ isotope and $NH_{3}$ oxidation inhibition (by 0.01% acetylene) methods. Nitrous oxide and NO production via $NH_{3}$ oxidation pathways increased as $O_{2}$ concentrations decreased from 21% to 0.5%. At low (0.5% and 3%) $O_{2}$ concentrations, nitrifier denitrification contributed between 34% and 66%, and HD between 34% and 50% of total $N_{2}O$ production. Heterotrophic denitrification was responsible for all $N_{2}O$ production at 0% $O_{2}.$ Nitrifier denitrification was the main source of $N_{2}O$ production from ammonical fertilizer under low $O_{2}$ concentrations with urea producing more $N_{2}O$ than $(NH_{4})_{2}SO_{4}$ additions. These findings challenge established thought attributing $N_{2}O$ emissions from soils with high water content to HD due to presumably low $O_{2}$ availability. Our results imply that management practices that increase soil aeration, e.g., reducing compaction and enhancing soil structure, together with careful selection of fertilizer sources and/or nitrification inhibitors, could decrease $N_{2}O$ production in agricultural soils. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 16 |
| Volume Number | 110 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 2013-04-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Air Pollution Atmosphere Nitric Oxide Metabolism Nitrous Oxide Oxygen Prevention & Control Ammonium Sulfate Analysis Of Variance Chromatography, Gas Colorimetry Denitrification Physiology Nitrification Oxidation-Reduction Urea Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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