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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Wood, Stephen A. Bardgett, Richard D. Bradford, Mark A. Bonkowski, Michael Kandeler, Ellen Grayston, Susan J. Manning, Peter Setälä, Heikki Jones, T. Hefin Black, Helaina I. J. Eggers, Till |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Bradford MA ( School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511); Wood SA ( Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027); Bardgett RD ( Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom); Black HI ( The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland, United Kingdom); Bonkowski M ( Zoologisches Institut, University of Cologne, D-50674 Köln, Germany); Eggers T ( Centre for Population Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom); Grayston SJ ( Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4); Kandeler E ( Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany); Manning P ( Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland); Setälä H ( Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland); Jones TH ( School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom.); |
| Abstract | Ecosystem management policies increasingly emphasize provision of multiple, as opposed to single, ecosystem services. Management for such 'multifunctionality' has stimulated research into the role that biodiversity plays in providing desired rates of multiple ecosystem processes. Positive effects of biodiversity on indices of multifunctionality are consistently found, primarily because species that are redundant for one ecosystem process under a given set of environmental conditions play a distinct role under different conditions or in the provision of another ecosystem process. Here we show that the positive effects of diversity (specifically community composition) on multifunctionality indices can also arise from a statistical fallacy analogous to Simpson's paradox (where aggregating data obscures causal relationships). We manipulated soil faunal community composition in combination with nitrogen fertilization of model grassland ecosystems and repeatedly measured five ecosystem processes related to plant productivity, carbon storage, and nutrient turnover. We calculated three common multifunctionality indices based on these processes and found that the functional complexity of the soil communities had a consistent positive effect on the indices. However, only two of the five ecosystem processes also responded positively to increasing complexity, whereas the other three responded neutrally or negatively. Furthermore, none of the individual processes responded to both the complexity and the nitrogen manipulations in a manner consistent with the indices. Our data show that multifunctionality indices can obscure relationships that exist between communities and key ecosystem processes, leading us to question their use in advancing theoretical understanding--and in management decisions--about how biodiversity is related to the provision of multiple ecosystem services. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 40 |
| Volume Number | 111 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 2014-10-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Biodiversity Ecosystem Plants Metabolism Chemistry Animals Biomass Nitrogen Cycle Classification Population Dynamics Parasitology Soil Microbiology Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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