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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Linberg, Kenneth A. Luna, Gabriel Volland, Stefanie Zhou, Z. Hong Hughes, Louise C. Kong, Christina Burgess, Barry L. Fisher, Steven K. Williams, David S. |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Volland S ( Department of Ophthalmology and Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095); Hughes LC ( Department of Ophthalmology and Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095); Kong C ( Department of Ophthalmology and Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095); Burgess BL ( Department of Ophthalmology and Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095); Linberg KA ( Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106); Luna G ( Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106); Zhou ZH ( Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095); Fisher SK ( Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106); Williams DS ( Department of Ophthalmology and Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095); |
| Abstract | The vertebrate photoreceptor cell contains an elaborate cilium that includes a stack of phototransductive membrane disks. The disk membranes are continually renewed, but how new disks are formed remains poorly understood. Here we used electron microscope tomography to obtain 3D visualization of the nascent disks of rod photoreceptors in three mammalian species, to gain insight into the process of disk morphogenesis. We observed that nascent disks are invariably continuous with the ciliary plasma membrane, although, owing to partial enclosure, they can appear to be internal in 2D profiles. Tomographic analyses of the basal-most region of the outer segment show changes in shape of the ciliary plasma membrane indicating an invagination, which is likely a first step in disk formation. The invagination flattens to create the proximal surface of an evaginating lamella, as well as membrane protrusions that extend between adjacent lamellae, thereby initiating a disk rim. Immediately distal to this initiation site, lamellae of increasing diameter are evident, indicating growth outward from the cilium. In agreement with a previous model, our data indicate that mature disks are formed once lamellae reach full diameter, and the growth of a rim encloses the space between adjacent surfaces of two lamellae. This study provides 3D data of nascent and mature rod photoreceptor disk membranes at unprecedented z-axis depth and resolution, and provides a basis for addressing fundamental questions, ranging from protein sorting in the photoreceptor cilium to photoreceptor electrophysiology. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 48 |
| Volume Number | 112 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 2015-12-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Intracellular Membranes Ultrastructure Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells Animals Metabolism Macaca Mulatta Mice Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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