| Content Provider |
World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
| Author |
Chen, Junfeng Skow, Loren C. Huddleston, John Buckley, Reuben M. Malig, Maika Womack, James E. Lawhon, Sara D. Andersson, Leif Eichler, Evan E. Lee, Mi Ok |
| Description |
Author Affiliation: Chen J ( Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843); Huddleston J ( Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195); Buckley RM ( School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia); Malig M ( Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195); Lawhon SD ( Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843); Skow LC ( Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843); Lee MO ( Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843); Eichler EE ( Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195); Andersson L ( Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843); Womack JE ( Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843); |
| Abstract |
NK-lysin is an antimicrobial peptide and effector protein in the host innate immune system. It is coded by a single gene in humans and most other mammalian species. In this study, we provide evidence for the existence of four NK-lysin genes in a repetitive region on cattle chromosome 11. The NK2A, NK2B, and NK2C genes are tandemly arrayed as three copies in ∼30–35-kb segments, located 41.8 kb upstream of NK1. All four genes are functional, albeit with differential tissue expression. NK1, NK2A, and NK2B exhibited the highest expression in intestine Peyer’s patch, whereas NK2C was expressed almost exclusively in lung. The four peptide products were synthesized ex vivo, and their antimicrobial effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were confirmed with a bacteria-killing assay. Transmission electron microcopy indicated that bovine NK-lysins exhibited their antimicrobial activities by lytic action in the cell membranes. In summary, the single NK-lysin gene in other mammals has expanded to a four-member gene family by tandem duplications in cattle; all four genes are transcribed, and the synthetic peptides corresponding to the core regions are biologically active and likely contribute to innate immunity in ruminants. |
| ISSN |
00278424 |
| e-ISSN |
10916490 |
| Journal |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number |
52 |
| Volume Number |
112 |
| Language |
English |
| Publisher |
National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date |
2015-12-01 |
| Publisher Place |
United States |
| Access Restriction |
Open |
| Subject Keyword |
Genetics Gene Dosage Multigene Family Proteolipids Amino Acid Sequence Animals Chromosomes, Mammalian Escherichia Coli Drug Effects Growth & Development Ultrastructure Gene Expression Profiling Gene Order Microscopy, Electron, Transmission Molecular Sequence Data Organ Specificity Peptides Pharmacology Phylogeny Classification Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type |
Text |
| Resource Type |
Article |
| Subject |
Multidisciplinary |
