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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Wentz, Reinhard Edwards, Phil Clarke, Mike Pratap, Sarah Kwan, Irene Diguiseppi, Carolyn Roberts, Ian |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Edwards P ( CRASH Trial Co-ordinating Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1B 1DP. phil.edwards@lshtm.ac.uk); |
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: To identify methods to increase response to postal questionnaires. DESIGN: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of any method to influence response to postal questionnaires. STUDIES REVIEWED: 292 randomised controlled trials including 258 315 participants INTERVENTION REVIEWED: 75 strategies for influencing response to postal questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The proportion of completed or partially completed questionnaires returned. RESULTS: The odds of response were more than doubled when a monetary incentive was used (odds ratio 2.02; 95% confidence interval 1.79 to 2.27) and almost doubled when incentives were not conditional on response (1.71; 1.29 to 2.26). Response was more likely when short questionnaires were used (1.86; 1.55 to 2.24). Personalised questionnaires and letters increased response (1.16; 1.06 to 1.28), as did the use of coloured ink (1.39; 1.16 to 1.67). The odds of response were more than doubled when the questionnaires were sent by recorded delivery (2.21; 1.51 to 3.25) and increased when stamped return envelopes were used (1.26; 1.13 to 1.41) and questionnaires were sent by first class post (1.12; 1.02 to 1.23). Contacting participants before sending questionnaires increased response (1.54; 1.24 to 1.92), as did follow up contact (1.44; 1.22 to 1.70) and providing non-respondents with a second copy of the questionnaire (1.41; 1.02 to 1.94). Questionnaires designed to be of more interest to participants were more likely to be returned (2.44; 1.99 to 3.01), but questionnaires containing questions of a sensitive nature were less likely to be returned (0.92; 0.87 to 0.98). Questionnaires originating from universities were more likely to be returned than were questionnaires from other sources, such as commercial organisations (1.31; 1.11 to 1.54). CONCLUSIONS: Health researchers using postal questionnaires can improve the quality of their research by using the strategies shown to be effective in this systematic review. |
| ISSN | 09598138 |
| e-ISSN | 17561833 |
| Journal | BMJ (British Medical Journal) |
| Issue Number | 7347 |
| Volume Number | 324 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | British Medical Journal Publishing Group |
| Publisher Date | 2002-05-01 |
| Publisher Place | Great Britain (UK) |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Questionnaires Data Interpretation, Statistical Motivation Postal Service Randomized Controlled Trials As Topic Research Design Medicine |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
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