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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Craig, Jonathan C. Codarini, Miriam Fitzgerald, Dominic A. Mccaskill, Mary Macaskill, Petra Irwig, Les Jones, Mike Isaacs, David Williams, Gabrielle J. Hayen, Andrew |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Craig JC ( Screening and Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.); |
| Abstract | Objectives To evaluate current processes by which young children presenting with a febrile illness but suspected of having serious bacterial infection are diagnosed and treated, and to develop and test a multivariable model to distinguish serious bacterial infections from self limiting non-bacterial illnesses. Design Two year prospective cohort study. Setting The emergency department of The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia. Participants Children aged less than 5 years presenting with a febrile illness between 1 July 2004 and 30 June 2006. Intervention A standardised clinical evaluation that included mandatory entry of 40 clinical features into the hospital’s electronic record keeping system was performed by physicians. Serious bacterial infections were confirmed or excluded using standard radiological and microbiological tests and follow-up. Main outcome measures Diagnosis of one of three key types of serious bacterial infection (urinary tract infection, pneumonia, and bacteraemia), and the accuracy of both our clinical decision making model and clinician judgment in making these diagnoses. Results We had follow-up data for 93% of the 15 781 instances of febrile illnesses recorded during the study period. The combined prevalence of any of the three infections of interest (urinary tract infection, pneumonia, or bacteraemia) was 7.2% (1120/15 781, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.7% to 7.5%), with urinary tract infection the diagnosis in 543 (3.4%) cases of febrile illness (95% CI 3.2% to 3.7%), pneumonia in 533 (3.4%) cases (95% CI 3.1% to 3.7%), and bacteraemia in 64 (0.4%) cases (95% CI 0.3% to 0.5%). Almost all (>94%) of the children with serious bacterial infections had the appropriate test (urine culture, chest radiograph, or blood culture). Antibiotics were prescribed acutely in 66% (359/543) of children with urinary tract infection, 69% (366/533) with pneumonia, and 81% (52/64) with bacteraemia. However, 20% (2686/13 557) of children without bacterial infection were also prescribed antibiotics. On the basis of the data from the clinical evaluations and the confirmed diagnosis, a diagnostic model was developed using multinomial logistic regression methods. Physicians’ diagnoses of bacterial infection had low sensitivity (10-50%) and high specificity (90-100%), whereas the clinical diagnostic model provided a broad range of values for sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions Emergency department physicians tend to underestimate the likelihood of serious bacterial infection in young children with fever, leading to undertreatment with antibiotics. A clinical diagnostic model could improve decision making by increasing sensitivity for detecting serious bacterial infection, thereby improving early treatment. |
| ISSN | 09598138 |
| e-ISSN | 17561833 |
| Journal | BMJ (British Medical Journal) |
| Volume Number | 340 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | British Medical Journal Publishing Group |
| Publisher Date | 2010-04-01 |
| Publisher Place | Great Britain (UK) |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Bacterial Infections Diagnosis Fever Microbiology Severity Of Illness Index Anti-Bacterial Agents Therapeutic Use Drug Therapy Child, Preschool Infant Prospective Studies Regression Analysis Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Validation Studies Medicine |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
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