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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Majchrzak-hong, Sharon F. Faurot, Keturah R. Leelarthaepin, Boonseng Davis, John M. Ringel, Amit Zamora, Daisy Suchindran, Chirayath M. Ramsden, Christopher E. Hibbeln, Joseph R. |
| Spatial Coverage | New South Wales |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Ramsden CE ( Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Chris.Ramsden@nih.gov); |
| Abstract | Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of replacing dietary saturated fat with omega 6 linoleic acid, for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death. Design Evaluation of recovered data from the Sydney Diet Heart Study, a single blinded, parallel group, randomized controlled trial conducted in 1966-73; and an updated meta-analysis including these previously missing data. Setting Ambulatory, coronary care clinic in Sydney, Australia. Participants 458 men aged 30-59 years with a recent coronary event. Interventions Replacement of dietary saturated fats (from animal fats, common margarines, and shortenings) with omega 6 linoleic acid (from safflower oil and safflower oil polyunsaturated margarine). Controls received no specific dietary instruction or study foods. All non-dietary aspects were designed to be equivalent in both groups. Outcome measures All cause mortality (primary outcome), cardiovascular mortality, and mortality from coronary heart disease (secondary outcomes). We used an intention to treat, survival analysis approach to compare mortality outcomes by group. Results The intervention group (n=221) had higher rates of death than controls (n=237) (all cause 17.6% v 11.8%, hazard ratio 1.62 (95% confidence interval 1.00 to 2.64), P=0.05; cardiovascular disease 17.2% v 11.0%, 1.70 (1.03 to 2.80), P=0.04; coronary heart disease 16.3% v 10.1%, 1.74 (1.04 to 2.92), P=0.04). Inclusion of these recovered data in an updated meta-analysis of linoleic acid intervention trials showed non-significant trends toward increased risks of death from coronary heart disease (hazard ratio 1.33 (0.99 to 1.79); P=0.06) and cardiovascular disease (1.27 (0.98 to 1.65); P=0.07). Conclusions Advice to substitute polyunsaturated fats for saturated fats is a key component of worldwide dietary guidelines for coronary heart disease risk reduction. However, clinical benefits of the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid, omega 6 linoleic acid, have not been established. In this cohort, substituting dietary linoleic acid in place of saturated fats increased the rates of death from all causes, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease. An updated meta-analysis of linoleic acid intervention trials showed no evidence of cardiovascular benefit. These findings could have important implications for worldwide dietary advice to substitute omega 6 linoleic acid, or polyunsaturated fats in general, for saturated fats. Trial registration Clinical trials {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01621087","term_id":"NCT01621087"}}NCT01621087. |
| ISSN | 09598138 |
| e-ISSN | 17561833 |
| Journal | BMJ (British Medical Journal) |
| Volume Number | 346 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | British Medical Journal Publishing Group |
| Publisher Date | 2013-02-01 |
| Publisher Place | Great Britain (UK) |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Coronary Disease Prevention & Control Linoleic Acid Administration & Dosage Plant Oils Secondary Prevention Diet Therapy Mortality Diet, Fat-Restricted Dietary Fats Adverse Effects Epidemiologic Methods New South Wales Epidemiology Meta-Analysis Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Medicine |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
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