NDLI: Diurnal remote sensing of coastal/oceanic waters: a radiometric analysis for Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Pahlevan, Nima Lee, Zhongping Schott, John R. Hu, Chuanmin
Abstract	Optical remote sensing systems aboard geostationary platforms can provide high-frequency observations of bio-optical properties in dynamical coastal/oceanic waters. From the end-user standpoint, it is recognized that the fidelity of daily science products relies heavily on the radiometric sensitivity/performance of the imaging system. This study aims to determine the theoretical detection limits for bio-optical properties observed diurnally from a geostationary orbit. The analysis is based upon coupled radiative transfer simulations and the minimum radiometric requirements defined for the GEOstationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) mission. The diurnal detection limits are found for the optically active constituents of water, including near-surface concentrations of chlorophyll-a (CHL) and total suspended solids (TSS), and the absorption of colored dissolved organic matter ( $ a _{ CDOM } $ ). The diurnal top-of-atmosphere radiance ( $ L _{ t } $ ) is modeled for several locations across the field of regard (FOR) to investigate the radiometric sensitivity at different imaging geometries. It is found that, in oceanic waters ( $ CHL = 0.07 mg / m ^{ 3 } $ ), detecting changes smaller than $ 0.01 mg / m ^{ 3 } $ in CHL is feasible for all locations and hours except for late afternoon observations on the edge of the FOR. For more trophic/turbid waters ( $ 0.6 < CHL < 4.5 $ ), the proposed system is found sensitive to changes (in CHL) smaller than $ 0.1 mg / m ^{ 3 } $ when the air mass fraction (AMF) is less than 5. For $ a _{ CDOM } ( 440 ) $ , detecting the changes larger than $ 0.02 m ^{ − 1 } $ ( $ 0.08 < a _{ CDOM } ( 440 ) < 0.36 $ ) is found feasible for most of the imaging geometries. This is equivalent to $ AMF < 5 $ . For TSS, changes on the order of $ Δ TSS = 0.1 g / m ^{ 3 } $ ( $ 0.5 < TSS < 4.5 $ ) are detectable from early morning to late afternoon across the entire FOR. This study gives insights into the radiometric sensitivity of the GEO-CAPE mission in identifying the changes in bio-optical properties at top-of-atmosphere (TOA), which aids in a more lucid understanding of the uncertainties associated with the surface products.
ISSN	1559128X
Journal	Applied Optics
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	53
e-ISSN	21553165
Language	English
Publisher	Optical Society of America
Publisher Date	2014-02-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Circadian Rhythm Environmental Monitoring Methods Phytoplankton Isolation & Purification Remote Sensing Technology Seawater Chemistry Spacecraft Spectrum Analysis Algorithms Oceans And Seas Radiometry Analysis Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Optics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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