NDLI: Is tRNA only a translation factor or also a regulator of other processes?

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Is tRNA only a translation factor or also a regulator of other processes?

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Is tRNA only a translation factor or also a regulator of other processes?

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Wegrzyn, Grzegorz Wegrzyn, Alicja
Description	Country affiliation: Poland Author Affiliation: Wegrzyn G ( Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland. wegrzyn@biotech.univ.gda.pl)
Abstract	tRNA has been discovered as a factor playing a central role in the translation of genetic information (encoded in DNA and transcribed to mRNA) into amino acid sequences of proteins. However, subsequent studies led to the hypothesis that during evolution, tRNA originated in replication, not translation. Indeed, there are many examples of tRNA-like molecules playing roles in reactions other than translation, including replication of various replicons. In this review, we have focused on functions of tRNA molecules (not tRNA-like structures) outside of their direct roles in translation as factors for a passive transportation of amino acids into a ribosome and deciphering triplets of nucleotides in codons of mRNA. Interestingly, it appears that such tRNA-dependent reactions are effective only when tRNA is uncharged. The most spectacular examples come from bacterial cells and include induction of the stringent control, regulation of transcription of some operons, and control of replication of ColE1-type plasmids. Recent studies indicated that tRNA (not only pre-tRNA, shown previously to be capable of self-excision of intron sequences) can be responsible for specific cleavage of another transcript, a ColE1 plasmid-encoded RNA I, which is involved in the regulation of plasmid DNA replication initiation. If this reaction is not restricted to RNA I but represents a more general phenomenon, one might suspect a potential role for uncharged tRNA molecules in regulation of various processes, whose efficiency depends on tRNA-cleavable RNAs. This kind of regulation would provide a possibility for a cell to respond to different nutrition conditions resulting in different levels of tRNA aminoacylation.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	12341983
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	49
e-ISSN	21903883
Journal	Journal of Applied Genetics
Language	English
Publisher	Springer
Publisher Date	2008-01-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Genetics Dna Replication Genetics Protein Biosynthesis Physiology Rna, Transfer Animals Base Sequence Humans Molecular Sequence Data Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Review
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Genetics Medicine

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