NDLI: Different Muscle-Recruitment Strategies Among Elite Breaststrokers.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Guignard, Brice Olstad, Bjørn H. Simbaña Escobar, David Lauer, Jessy Kjendlie, Per-Ludvik Rouard, Annie H.
Description	Country affiliation: France Author Affiliation: Guignard B ( Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, University of Savoy, Le Bourget du Lac, France.)
Abstract	PURPOSE: To investigate electromyographical (EMG) profiles characterizing the lower-limb flexion-extension in an aquatic environment in high-level breaststrokers. METHODS: The 2-dimensional breaststroke kick of 1 international- and 2 national-level female swimmers was analyzed during 2 maximal 25-m swims. The activities of biceps femoris, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior were recorded. RESULTS: The breaststroke kick was divided in 3 phases, according to the movements performed in the sagittal plane: push phase (PP) covering 27% of the total kick duration, glide phase (GP) 41%, and recovery phase (RP) 32%. Intrasubject reproducibility of the EMG and kinematics was observed from 1 stroke cycle to another. In addition, important intersubject kinematic reproducibility was noted, whereas muscle activities discriminated the subjects: The explosive PP was characterized by important muscle-activation peaks. During the recovery, muscles were likewise solicited for swimmers 1 (S1) and 2 (S2), while the lowest activities were observed during GP for S2 and swimmer 3 (S3), but not for S1, who maintained major muscle solicitations. CONCLUSIONS: The main muscle activities were observed during PP to perform powerful lower-limb extension. The most-skilled swimmer (S1) was the only 1 to solicit her muscles during GP to actively reach better streamlining. Important activation peaks during RP correspond to the limbs acting against water drag. Such differences in EMG strategies among an elite group highlight the importance of considering the muscle parameters used to effectively control the intensity of activation among the phases for a more efficient breaststroke kick.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	15550265
Issue Number	8
Volume Number	10
e-ISSN	15550273
Journal	International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
Language	English
Publisher	Human Kinetics
Publisher Date	2015-11-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Discipline Physiology Discipline Sports Medicine Leg Physiology Muscle, Skeletal Swimming Athletic Performance Biomechanical Phenomena Electromyography Female Humans Movement Reproducibility Of Results Journal Article
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation Sports Science

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