NDLI: Category-based induction from similarity of neural activation.

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Category-based induction from similarity of neural activation.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Weber, Matthew J. Osherson, Daniel
Description	Author Affiliation: Weber MJ ( Department of Psychology and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, 3720 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA, mweb@psych.upenn.edu.)
Abstract	The idea that similarity might be an engine of inductive inference dates back at least as far as David Hume. However, Hume's thesis is difficult to test without begging the question, since judgments of similarity may be infected by inferential processes. We present a one-parameter model of category-based induction that generates predictions about arbitrary statements of conditional probability over a predicate and a set of items. The prediction is based on the unconditional probabilities and similarities that characterize that predicate and those items. To test Hume's thesis, we collected brain activation from various regions of the ventral visual stream during a categorization task that did not invite comparison of categories. We then calculated the similarity of those activation patterns using a simple measure of vectorwise similarity and supplied those similarities to the model. The model's outputs correlated well with subjects' judgments of conditional probability. Our results represent a promising first step toward confirming Hume's thesis; similarity, assessed without reference to induction, may well drive inductive inference.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	15307026
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	14
e-ISSN	1531135X
Journal	Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
Language	English
Publisher	Springer
Publisher Date	2014-03-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Behavioral Sciences Discipline Neurology Brain Physiology Models, Psychological Thinking Adolescent Adult Female Humans Judgment Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Multivariate Analysis Neuropsychological Tests Probability Signal Processing, Computer-assisted Visual Pathways Young Adult Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cognitive Neuroscience Behavioral Neuroscience

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