NDLI: The morphology of the eggs of three species of Zoraptera (Insecta).

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Mashimo, Yuta Beutel, Rolf G. Dallai, Romano Gottardo, Marco Lee, Chow-Yang Machida, Ryuichiro
Description	Author Affiliation: Mashimo Y ( Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Sugadaira Kogen 1278-294, Ueda, Nagano, 386-2204, Japan. Electronic address: beadsantenna@gmail.com.); Beutel RG ( Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743, Jena, Germany.); Dallai R ( Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy.); Gottardo M ( Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy.); Lee CY ( School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.); Machida R ( Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Sugadaira Kogen 1278-294, Ueda, Nagano, 386-2204, Japan. Electronic address: machida@sugadaira.tsukuba.ac.jp.)
Abstract	The egg structure of Zorotypus magnicaudelli, Zorotypus hubbardi and Zorotypus impolitus was examined and described in detail. Major characteristics of zorapteran eggs previously reported were confirmed in these species, with the partial exception of Z. impolitus: 1) a pair of micropyles at the equator of the egg's ventral side, 2) a honeycomb pattern on the egg surface, 3) a two-layered chorion, 4) micropylar canals running laterally, 5) a flap covering the inner opening of the micropylar canal and 6) no region specialized for hatching. These features are probably part of the groundplan of the order. Three groups (A-C) and two subgroups (A1 and A2) of Zoraptera can be distinguished based on characters of the reproductive apparatus including eggs. However, information for more species is needed for a reliable interpretation of the complex and apparently fast evolving character system. The egg of Z. impolitus presumably shows apomorphic characteristics not occurring in other species, a chorion without layered construction and polygonal surface compartments with different sculptures on the dorsal and ventral sides of the egg. Another feature found in this species, distinct enlargement of the micropyles, is also found in Z. hubbardi. The increased micropylar size is likely correlated with the giant spermatozoa produced by males of these two species. These two features combined with the large size of the spermatheca are arguably a complex synapomorphy of Z. hubbardi and Z. impolitus. The phylogenetic placement of Zoraptera is discussed based on the egg structure. A clade of Zoraptera + Eukinolabia appears most plausible, but the issue remains an open question.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14678039
Part	Pt B
Volume Number	44
e-ISSN	18735495
Journal	Arthropod Structure & Development
Issue Number	6
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2015-11-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Zoology Insects Anatomy & Histology Animals Classification Growth & Development Ultrastructure Male Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Microscopy, Electron, Transmission Ovum Cytology Phylogeny Species Specificity Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Developmental Biology Medicine Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Insect Science

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