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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Hutton, Joseph |
| Description | Country affiliation: United kingdom Author Affiliation: Hutton J ( Department of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, 69 St. Michael's Hill, Bristol BS2 8DZ, UK. jh7480@bris.ac.uk) |
| Abstract | Since the publication of Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962, the notion of paradigms has shaped the way that philosophy views scientific discovery and how changes in what is regarded as empirical fact occur. This drew heavily on examples from the history of the natural sciences to support Kuhn's hypothesis. However, some argue that medicine is different from the natural sciences. Gillies has proposed another theory of how paradigms apply to medicine; that of composite paradigms. In doing so, Gillies uses the example of Helicobacter pylori and the shift from the excess-acid theory to the current bacterial-infection theory of gastric ulcers to illustrate these fundamental differences between medicine and the natural sciences. Upon analysis of Gillies' claim, it is evident that traditional Kuhnian paradigms are also composite and that the manner in which Gillies proposes disease is classified is insufficient in describing medicine. Furthermore, new local paradigms are demonstrably introduced and the change was accompanied by many of the markers of paradigmatic change including changes in worldview, resistance, incommensurability and the introduction of new questions that could not have existed under the previous paradigm. Whilst this change may not be on the scale of the Chemical revolution, it can still be considered paradigm shift. Thagard also proposes an alternate view of discovery using the case of H. pylori. This has much in common with Kuhnian paradigms but Thagard's theory offers further elucidation and refinement. This allows it to better characterise all of the associated features of discovery relevant in the case of H. pylori, thus provides a preferable tool for examination of this important recent discovery. |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 13698486 |
| Issue Number | 3 |
| Volume Number | 43 |
| e-ISSN | 18792499 |
| Journal | Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Publisher Date | 2012-09-01 |
| Publisher Place | Great Britain (UK) |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Discipline Ethics Discipline Social Sciences Discipline History of Medicine Famous Persons Helicobacter Pylori Literature, Modern Peptic Ulcer Microbiology Philosophy Science History, 18th Century History, 19th Century History, 20th Century History, 21st Century Humans History Biography Historical Article Journal Article |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | History Medicine History and Philosophy of Science |
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