NDLI: Personal exposure to ultrafine particles.

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Personal exposure to ultrafine particles.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Wallace, Lance Ott, Wayne
Description	Author Affiliation: Wallace L ( lwallace73@comcast.net)
Abstract	Personal exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) can occur while people are cooking, driving, smoking, operating small appliances such as hair dryers, or eating out in restaurants. These exposures can often be higher than outdoor concentrations. For 3 years, portable monitors were employed in homes, cars, and restaurants. More than 300 measurement periods in several homes were documented, along with 25 h of driving two cars, and 22 visits to restaurants. Cooking on gas or electric stoves and electric toaster ovens was a major source of UFP, with peak personal exposures often exceeding 100,000 particles/cm³ and estimated emission rates in the neighborhood of 10¹² particles/min. Other common sources of high UFP exposures were cigarettes, a vented gas clothes dryer, an air popcorn popper, candles, an electric mixer, a toaster, a hair dryer, a curling iron, and a steam iron. Relatively low indoor UFP emissions were noted for a fireplace, several space heaters, and a laser printer. Driving resulted in moderate exposures averaging about 30,000 particles/cm³ in each of two cars driven on 17 trips on major highways on the East and West Coasts. Most of the restaurants visited maintained consistently high levels of 50,000-200,000 particles/cm³ for the entire length of the meal. The indoor/outdoor ratios of size-resolved UFP were much lower than for PM2.5 or PM10, suggesting that outdoor UFP have difficulty in penetrating a home. This in turn implies that outdoor concentrations of UFP have only a moderate effect on personal exposures if indoor sources are present. A time-weighted scenario suggests that for typical suburban nonsmoker lifestyles, indoor sources provide about 47% and outdoor sources about 36% of total daily UFP exposure and in-vehicle exposures add the remainder (17%). However, the effect of one smoker in the home results in an overwhelming increase in the importance of indoor sources (77% of the total).
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	15590631
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	21
e-ISSN	1559064X
Journal	Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology
Language	English
Publisher	Macmillan Publishers Limited
Publisher Date	2011-01-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Environmental Health Discipline Epidemiology Air Pollutants Analysis Air Pollution, Indoor Environmental Exposure Particulate Matter Automobiles Cooking Environmental Monitoring Methods Housing Humans Particle Size Chemistry Restaurants Tobacco Smoke Pollution Journal Article
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pollution Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Toxicology Epidemiology

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