NDLI: Indoor/outdoor concentrations and elemental composition of PM10/PM2.5 in urban/industrial areas of Kocaeli City, Turkey.

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Indoor/outdoor concentrations and elemental composition of PM10/PM2.5 in urban/industrial areas of Kocaeli City, Turkey.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Pekey, B. Bozkurt, Z. B. Pekey, H. Dogan, G. Zararsiz, A. Efe, N. Tuncel, G.
Spatial Coverage	Turkey
Description	Country affiliation: Turkey Author Affiliation: Pekey B ( Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey. bpekey@kocaeli.edu.tr)
Abstract	This study presents indoor/outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations measured during winter and summer in 15 homes in Kocaeli, which is one of the most industrialized areas in Turkey. Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations and elemental composition were determined using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Quantitative information was obtained on mass concentrations and other characteristics such as seasonal variation, indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio, PM2.5/PM10 ratio, correlations and sources. Average indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were 29.8 and 23.5 microg/m(3) for the summer period, and 24.4 and 21.8 microg/m(3) for the winter period, respectively. Average indoor and outdoor PM10 concentrations were 45.5 and 59.9 microg/m(3) for the summer period, and 56.9 and 102.3 microg/m(3) for the winter period, respectively. A varimax rotated factor analysis (FA) was performed separately on indoor and outdoor datasets in an effort to identify possible heavy metal sources of PM2.5 and PM10 particle fractions. FA of outdoor data produced source categories comprising polluted soil, industry, motor vehicles, and fossil fuel combustion for both PM fractions, while source categories determined for indoor data for both PM2.5 and PM10 comprised industry, polluted soil, motor vehicles, and smoking, with an additional source category of cooking activities detected for the PM2.5 fraction. Practical Implications In buildings close to industrial areas or traffic arteries, outdoor sources may have an important effect on indoor air pollution. Therefore, indoor and outdoor investigations should be conducted simultaneously to assess the relationship between indoor and outdoor pollution. This study presents the simultaneous measurement of PM fractions (PM2.5 and PM10) and their elemental compositions to determine the sources of respirable PM and the heavy metals bound to these particles in indoor air. Factor analysis of indoor data indicated that the contribution of outdoor pollutant sources to indoor pollution was about 70%, making these sources the most significant for indoor heavy metal pollution, wheras other sources of indoor pollution included smoking and cooking activities.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	09056947
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	20
e-ISSN	16000668
Journal	Indoor Air
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley-Blackwell
Publisher Date	2010-04-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Discipline Environmental Health Air Pollutants Analysis Air Pollution, Indoor Industry Particle Size Cities Seasons Turkey Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Building and Construction Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Environmental Engineering

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