NDLI: The pancreatic ß-cell transcriptome and integrated-omics.

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The pancreatic ß-cell transcriptome and integrated-omics.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Blodgett, David M. Cura, Anthony J. Harlan, David M.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Blodgett DM ( Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.)
Abstract	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: ß Cells represent one of many cell types in heterogeneous pancreatic islets and play the central role in maintaining glucose homeostasis, such that disrupting ß-cell function leads to diabetes. This review summarizes the methods for isolating and characterizing ß cells, and describes integrated 'omics' approaches used to define the ß cell by its transcriptome and proteome. RECENT FINDINGS: RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry-based protein identification have now identified RNA and protein profiles for mouse and human pancreatic islets and ß cells, and for ß-cell lines. Recent publications have outlined these profiles and, more importantly, have begun to assign the presence or absence of specific genes and regulatory molecules to ß-cell function and dysfunction. Overall, researchers have focused on understanding the pathophysiology of diabetes by connecting genome, transcriptome, proteome, and regulatory RNA profiles with findings from genome-wide association studies. SUMMARY: Studies employing these relatively new techniques promise to identify specific genes or regulatory RNAs with altered expression as ß-cell function begins to deteriorate in the spiral toward the development of diabetes. The ultimate goal is to identify the potential therapeutic targets to prevent ß-cell dysfunction and thereby better treat the individual with diabetes. VIDEO ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/COE/A5.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	1752296X
e-ISSN	17522978
DOI	10.1097/MED.0000000000000051
Journal	Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	21
Language	English
Publisher	Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Publisher Date	2014-04-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Metabolism Discipline Endocrinology Diabetes Mellitus Metabolism Glucose Insulin-secreting Cells Insulin Secretion Transcriptome Genetics Animals Gene Expression Profiling Gene Expression Regulation Gene Regulatory Networks Genome-wide Association Study Mice Organ Specificity Sequence Analysis, Rna Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Nutrition and Dietetics Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine Endocrinology

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