NDLI: Anticipation in Real-World Scenes: The Role of Visual Context and Visual Memory.

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Year: 2016 Volume: 40

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Anticipation in Real-World Scenes: The Role of Visual Context and Visual Memory.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Coco, Moreno I. Keller, Frank Malcolm, George L.
Description	Author Affiliation: Coco MI ( Department of Psychology, University of Lisbon.); Keller F ( School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh.); Malcolm GL ( Department of Psychology, The George Washington University.)
Abstract	The human sentence processor is able to make rapid predictions about upcoming linguistic input. For example, upon hearing the verb eat, anticipatory eye-movements are launched toward edible objects in a visual scene (Altmann & Kamide, 1999). However, the cognitive mechanisms that underlie anticipation remain to be elucidated in ecologically valid contexts. Previous research has, in fact, mainly used clip-art scenes and object arrays, raising the possibility that anticipatory eye-movements are limited to displays containing a small number of objects in a visually impoverished context. In Experiment 1, we confirm that anticipation effects occur in real-world scenes and investigate the mechanisms that underlie such anticipation. In particular, we demonstrate that real-world scenes provide contextual information that anticipation can draw on: When the target object is not present in the scene, participants infer and fixate regions that are contextually appropriate (e.g., a table upon hearing eat). Experiment 2 investigates whether such contextual inference requires the co-presence of the scene, or whether memory representations can be utilized instead. The same real-world scenes as in Experiment 1 are presented to participants, but the scene disappears before the sentence is heard. We find that anticipation occurs even when the screen is blank, including when contextual inference is required. We conclude that anticipatory language processing is able to draw upon global scene representations (such as scene type) to make contextual inferences. These findings are compatible with theories assuming contextual guidance, but posit a challenge for theories assuming object-based visual indices.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	03640213
Issue Number	8
Journal	Cognitive Science
Volume Number	40
e-ISSN	15516709
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley-Blackwell
Publisher Date	2016-11-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Psychology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Artificial Intelligence Cognitive Neuroscience

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