NDLI: Dynamic modulation of an orientation preference map by GABA responsible for age-related cognitive performance.

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Dynamic modulation of an orientation preference map by GABA responsible for age-related cognitive performance.

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Dynamic modulation of an orientation preference map by GABA responsible for age-related cognitive performance.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Miyamoto, Ai Hasegawa, Jun Hoshino, Osamu
Description	Country affiliation: Canada Author Affiliation: Miyamoto A ( Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.)
Abstract	Accumulating evidence suggests that cognitive declines in old (healthy) animals could arise from depression of intracortical inhibition, for which a decreased ability to produce GABA during senescence might be responsible. By simulating a neural network model of a primary visual cortical (V1) area, we investigated whether and how a lack of GABA affects cognitive performance of the network: detection of the orientation of a visual bar-stimulus. The network was composed of pyramidal (P) cells and GABAergic interneurons such as small (S) and large (L) basket cells. Intrasynaptic GABA-release from presynaptic S or L cells contributed to reducing ongoing-spontaneous (background) neuronal activity in a different manner. Namely, the former exerted feedback (S-to-P) inhibition and reduced the frequency (firing rate) of action potentials evoked in P cells. The latter reduced the number of saliently firing P cells through lateral (L-to-P) inhibition. Non-vesicular GABA-release, presumably from glia and/or neurons, into the extracellular space reduced the both, activating extrasynaptic GABAa receptors and providing P cells with tonic inhibitory currents. By this combinatorial, spatiotemporal inhibitory mechanism, the background activity as noise was significantly reduced, compared to the stimulus-evoked activity as signal, thereby improving signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. Interestingly, GABA-spillover from the intrasynaptic cleft into the extracellular space was effective for improving orientation selectivity (orientation bias), especially when distractors interfered with detecting the bar-stimulus. These simulation results may provide some insight into how the depression of intracortical inhibition due to a reduction in GABA content in the brain leads to age-related cognitive decline.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	16124782
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	13
e-ISSN	16124790
Journal	Cognitive Processing
Language	English
Publisher	Springer
Publisher Date	2012-11-01
Publisher Place	Germany
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Psychology Aging Physiology Cognition Computer Simulation Models, Neurological Nerve Net Gamma-aminobutyric Acid Action Potentials Animals Neural Inhibition Neural Networks (computer) Neurons Visual Cortex Journal Article
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Artificial Intelligence Cognitive Neuroscience Medicine

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