NDLI: Novel description of force of infection and risk factors associated with Theileria equi in horses in Israel and in The Palestinian Authority.

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Novel description of force of infection and risk factors associated with Theileria equi in horses in Israel and in The Palestinian Authority.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Aharonson-Raz, Karin Rapoport, Adi Hawari, Ibrahim M. Lensky, Itamar M. Berlin, Dalia Zivotofsky, Doni Klement, Eyal Steinman, Amir
Spatial Coverage	Middle East Israel
Description	Country affiliation: Israel Author Affiliation: Aharonson-Raz K ( Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.); Rapoport A ( Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.); Hawari IM ( Al Noor Modern Co. for Meat Packing, Azzun-Qalqilia, Palestinian Authority.); Lensky IM ( Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.); Berlin D ( Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.); Zivotofsky D ( Vet Practice, Mechalkey Hamayim 1, Jerusalem 93222, Israel.); Klement E ( Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.); Steinman A ( Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel. Electronic address: Steinman@agri.huji.ac.il.)
Abstract	The objectives of this study were to determine the force of infection (FOI) for Theileria equi in horses in Israel and to evaluate risk factors associated with seroprevalence a decade after it was last determined by PCR, in 2002. Using a commercial cELISA kit, we demonstrated a widespread and constant exposure to T. equi in Israel (110/216; 50.9%) and the Palestinian Authority (32/108; 29.6%). Owing to the paired samples collected from the same horses approximately one year apart, we were able to determine the FOI rate with which susceptible individuals become infected. Out of the 75 naïve horses in the first collection, four seroconverted during 10-16 months, demonstrating an FOI of 5% for that period. Similar results were obtained by calculating FOI using age-specific seroprevalence (4.2% per year). Housing management type was significantly associated with T. equi seroprevalence with 87.9% seropositivity in horses on pasture and 32.6% seropositivity in horses in stalls/yards. This strong association and the very high seroprevalence found in horses held on pasture, prompted stratification of data accordingly. Geographical location of horses in Israel showed a strong association with seroprevalence to T. equi ranging from 34.5% in central Israel to 80.8% in the northern part of the country. However, when analyzing this association only in horses held in stalls/yards, the lower seroprevalence was noted in the north. In addition, age was significantly associated with seroprevalence for T. equi only in horses held in stalls/yards (R(2)=0.94). Environmental variables were not found to be associated with seroprevalence for T. equi. Here, we report for the first time the FOI for T. equi in horses and highlight the influence housing management type has on the evaluation of risk factors associated with a vector-borne disease, perhaps leading to the discrepancies observed between studies throughout the world.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	1877959X
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	5
e-ISSN	18779603
Journal	Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2014-06-01
Publisher Place	Netherlands
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Communicable Diseases Discipline Parasitology Antibodies, Protozoan Blood Horse Diseases Epidemiology Theileria Immunology Theileriasis Animals Environment Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay Veterinary Female Geography Parasitology Horses Israel Male Middle East Risk Factors Seroepidemiologic Studies Isolation & Purification Journal Article
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Infectious Diseases Parasitology Microbiology Insect Science

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