NDLI: PAH concentration gradients and fluxes through sand cap test cells installed in situ over river sediments containing coal tar.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Kim, Yong Sang Nyberg, Leila M. Jenkinson, Byron Jafvert, Chad T.
Spatial Coverage	Indiana
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Kim YS ( School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.)
Abstract	Short-term performance of permeable sand cap test cells, installed over sediment containing liquid coal tar was monitored on the Grand Calumet River (Hammond, Indiana, USA). The sand cap test cells included two sand-only cells, two test cells containing a sand/peat mixed layer, two test cells containing a sand/organoclay mixed layer, and two sediment control cells. In each test cell, six monocyclic and twelve polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs and PAHs) were monitored over an 18 month period, and interfacial water flow was monitored periodically. Seepage velocities ranged from 3.8 cm per day into the sediments to 3.2 cm per day out of the sediments, with discharge out of the sediments being observed more often. A ferric iron test indicated that stratified oxic-anaerobic layers were formed in the caps. Within the sand caps, concentrations of MAHs and PAHs fluctuated with time, and this fluctuation was more significant near the bottom. Near the top, most of the MAHs and PAHs were attenuated above 95% in the first year of the study, but their attenuation rates decreased in the second year due to recontamination of the surface of the caps by the surrounding sediments. Functional genes involved in PAH degradation were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in upper and lower sections of the caps for each of the three treatments. Bacterial communities were characterized by PCR amplification of 16s rRNA genes and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The results indicate that the rate and direction of sediment porewater flow is an important factor for properly designing any remedial sand cap, and that biodegradation of many of the MAH and PAH compounds was likely a major removal mechanism leading to attenuation through the test cells.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	20507887
Issue Number	8
Volume Number	15
e-ISSN	20507895
Journal	Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Publisher Date	2013-08-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Discipline Environmental Health Coal Tar Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical Bacteria Classification Genetics Dioxygenases Environmental Monitoring Environmental Restoration And Remediation Methods Genes, Bacterial Geologic Sediments Indiana Mixed Function Oxygenases Multienzyme Complexes Rna, Ribosomal, 16s Rivers Silicon Dioxide Water Pollution Prevention & Control Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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