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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Nakao, Tomohiro Okada, Kayo Kanba, Shigenobu |
| Description | Country affiliation: Japan Author Affiliation: Nakao T ( Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.) |
| Abstract | Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was previously considered refractory to most types of therapeutic intervention. There is now, however, ample evidence that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and behavior therapy are highly effective methods for treatment of OCD. Furthermore, recent neurobiological studies of OCD have found a close correlation between clinical symptoms, cognitive function, and brain function. A large number of previous neuroimaging studies using positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have identified abnormally high activities throughout the frontal cortex and subcortical structures in patients with OCD. Most studies reported excessive activation of these areas during symptom provocation. Furthermore, these hyperactivities were decreased after successful treatment using either selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or behavioral therapy. Based on these findings, an orbitofronto-striatal model has been postulated as an abnormal neural circuit that mediates symptomatic expression of OCD. On the other hand, previous neuropsychological studies of OCD have reported cognitive dysfunction in executive function, attention, nonverbal memory, and visuospatial skills. Moreover, recent fMRI studies have revealed a correlation between neuropsychological dysfunction and clinical symptoms in OCD by using neuropsychological tasks during fMRI. The evidence from fMRI studies suggests that broader regions, including dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior regions, might be involved in the pathophysiology of OCD. Further, we should consider that OCD is heterogeneous and might have several different neural systems related to clinical factors, such as symptom dimensions. This review outlines recent neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies of OCD. We will also describe several neurobiological models that have been developed recently. Advanced findings in these fields will update the conventional biological model of OCD. |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 13231316 |
| Issue Number | 8 |
| Volume Number | 68 |
| e-ISSN | 14401819 |
| Journal | Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Wiley-Blackwell |
| Publisher Date | 2014-08-01 |
| Publisher Place | Australia |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Discipline Psychiatry Discipline Neurology Brain Physiopathology Cognition Models, Neurological Neuroimaging Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Psychology Behavior Therapy Drug Effects Pathology Humans Neuropsychological Tests Drug Therapy Therapy Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors Therapeutic Use Journal Article Review |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Neurology Neurology (clinical) Psychiatry and Mental Health |
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