NDLI: Optimal Distinctiveness Signals Membership Trust.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Leonardelli, Geoffrey J. Loyd, Denise Lewin
Description	Country affiliation: Canada Author Affiliation: Leonardelli GJ ( Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Dept. of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Geoffrey.leonardelli@rotman.utoronto.ca.); Loyd DL ( College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.)
Abstract	According to optimal distinctiveness theory, sufficiently small minority groups are associated with greater membership trust, even among members otherwise unknown, because the groups are seen as optimally distinctive. This article elaborates on the prediction's motivational and cognitive processes and tests whether sufficiently small minorities (defined by relative size; for example, 20%) are associated with greater membership trust relative to mere minorities (45%), and whether such trust is a function of optimal distinctiveness. Two experiments, examining observers' perceptions of minority and majority groups and using minimal groups and (in Experiment 2) a trust game, revealed greater membership trust in minorities than majorities. In Experiment 2, participants also preferred joining minorities over more powerful majorities. Both effects occurred only when minorities were 20% rather than 45%. In both studies, perceptions of optimal distinctiveness mediated effects. Discussion focuses on the value of relative size and optimal distinctiveness, and when membership trust manifests.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	01461672
e-ISSN	15527433
Journal	Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Issue Number	7
Volume Number	42
Language	English
Publisher	Sage Publications
Publisher Date	2016-07-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Psychology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Social Psychology

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