NDLI: The evolution of silicon transporters in diatoms.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Durkin, Colleen A. Koester, Julie A. Bender, Sara J. Armbrust, E. Virginia
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Durkin CA ( Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, California, 95039, USA.); Koester JA ( Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, 28403, USA.); Bender SJ ( Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA.); Armbrust EV ( School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.)
Abstract	Diatoms are highly productive single-celled algae that form an intricately patterned silica cell wall after every cell division. They take up and utilize silicic acid from seawater via silicon transporter (SIT) proteins. This study examined the evolution of the SIT gene family to identify potential genetic adaptations that enable diatoms to thrive in the modern ocean. By searching for sequence homologs in available databases, the diversity of organisms found to encode SITs increased substantially and included all major diatom lineages and other algal protists. A bacterial-encoded gene with homology to SIT sequences was also identified, suggesting that a lateral gene transfer event occurred between bacterial and protist lineages. In diatoms, the SIT genes diverged and diversified to produce five distinct clades. The most basal SIT clades were widely distributed across diatom lineages, while the more derived clades were lineage-specific, which together produced a distinct repertoire of SIT types among major diatom lineages. Differences in the predicted protein functional domains encoded among SIT clades suggest that the divergence of clades resulted in functional diversification among SITs. Both laboratory cultures and natural communities changed transcription of each SIT clade in response to experimental or environmental growth conditions, with distinct transcriptional patterns observed among clades. Together, these data suggest that the diversification of SITs within diatoms led to specialized adaptations among diatoms lineages, and perhaps their dominant ability to take up silicic acid from seawater in diverse environmental conditions.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	00223646
Issue Number	5
Journal	Journal of Phycology
Volume Number	52
e-ISSN	15298817
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2016-10-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Botany
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Plant Science Aquatic Science

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