NDLI: Toxicity of ethylmercury (and Thimerosal): a comparison with methylmercury.

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Toxicity of ethylmercury (and Thimerosal): a comparison with methylmercury.

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Toxicity of ethylmercury (and Thimerosal): a comparison with methylmercury.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Dórea, José G. Farina, Marcelo Rocha, João B. T.
Description	Country affiliation: Brazil Author Affiliation: Dórea JG ( Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade de Brasilia, 70919-970, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. dorea@rudah.com.br)
Abstract	Ethylmercury (etHg) is derived from the metabolism of thimerosal (o-carboxyphenyl-thio-ethyl-sodium salt), which is the most widely used form of organic mercury. Because of its application as a vaccine preservative, almost every human and animal (domestic and farmed) that has been immunized with thimerosal-containing vaccines has been exposed to etHg. Although methylmercury (meHg) is considered a hazardous substance that is to be avoided even at small levels when consumed in foods such as seafood and rice (in Asia), the World Health Organization considers small doses of thimerosal safe regardless of multiple/repetitive exposures to vaccines that are predominantly taken during pregnancy or infancy. We have reviewed in vitro and in vivo studies that compare the toxicological parameters among etHg and other forms of mercury (predominantly meHg) to assess their relative toxicities and potential to cause cumulative insults. In vitro studies comparing etHg with meHg demonstrate equivalent measured outcomes for cardiovascular, neural and immune cells. However, under in vivo conditions, evidence indicates a distinct toxicokinetic profile between meHg and etHg, favoring a shorter blood half-life, attendant compartment distribution and the elimination of etHg compared with meHg. EtHg's toxicity profile is different from that of meHg, leading to different exposure and toxicity risks. Therefore, in real-life scenarios, a simultaneous exposure to both etHg and meHg might result in enhanced neurotoxic effects in developing mammals. However, our knowledge on this subject is still incomplete, and studies are required to address the predictability of the additive or synergic toxicological effects of etHg and meHg (or other neurotoxicants).
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	0260437X
Issue Number	8
Volume Number	33
e-ISSN	10991263
Journal	Journal of Applied Toxicology
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2013-08-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Toxicology Methylmercury Compounds Toxicity Preservatives, Pharmaceutical Thimerosal Animals Disease Models, Animal Female Fishes Half-life Humans Infant Meat Pharmacokinetics Nervous System Cytology Drug Effects Pregnancy Vaccination Vaccines Chemistry Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Review
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Toxicology

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