NDLI: Chronic trimethyltin chloride exposure and the development of kidney stones in rats

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Chronic trimethyltin chloride exposure and the development of kidney stones in rats

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Chronic trimethyltin chloride exposure and the development of kidney stones in rats

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Ren, Xuefeng Wu, Xin Sui, Gang Gong, Zhihong Yawson, Emmanuel Wu, Banghua Lai, Guanchao Ruan, Xiaolin Gao, Hongbin Zhou, Feng Su, Bing Olson, James R. Tang, Xiaojiang
Description	Country affiliation: China Author Affiliation: Ren X ( Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, the State University of New York, Buffalo, USA)
Abstract	We recently reported that occupational exposure to trimethyltin (TMT) is a risk factor for developing kidney stones. To further examine the association between TMT exposure and the formation of kidney stones, we conducted a 180-day animal study and exposed the randomly grouped Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats to TMT in the drinking water at doses of 0, 8.2, 32.8 and 131.3 μg $kg^{−1}$ $day^{−1}.$ Transient behavioral changes were observed in the high-dose group during the first 2weeks of exposure. TMT exposure led to a significant dose-dependent inhibition of renal $H^{+}/K^{+}-ATPase$ and an increase in urinary pH. In comparison to no kidney stones being identified in the control and the lowest dose group, 1 rat in the 32.8 μg $kg^{−1}$ $day^{−1}$ dose group and 3 out of 9 rats in the 131.3 μg $kg^{−1}$ $day^{−1}$ dose group were found to have stones in the kidney/urinary tract. Pathological analysis showed that more wide spread calcium disposition was observed in kidneys of rats with TMT exposure compared with the rats in the control group. However, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis found that the kidney stones were mainly composed of struvite with the formula: NH4MgPO4 $6H_{2}O,$ while calcium-containing components were also detected. Together, this study further demonstrates through animal studies that chronic exposure to a relatively low level of TMT induces nephrotoxicity and increases the risk for developing kidney stones.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	0260437X
e-ISSN	10991263
DOI	10.1002/jat.3054
Journal	Journal of Applied Toxicology
Issue Number	5
Volume Number	35
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2015-05-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Toxicology Kidney Calculi Pathology Trimethyltin Compounds Toxicity Animals Dose-response Relationship, Drug Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Hydrogen-ion Concentration Kidney Drug Effects Chemically Induced Magnesium Compounds Urine Phosphates Rats, Sprague-dawley X-ray Diffraction Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Toxicology

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