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Year: 2012 Volume: 4 Issue: 3

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Tobacco smoking: patterns, health consequences for adults, and the long-term health of the offspring.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Maritz, Gert S. Mutemwa, Muyunda
Description	Author Affiliation: Maritz GS ( Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western cape, Bellville. gmaritz@uwc.ac.za)
Abstract	Tobacco use started several centuries ago and increased markedly after the invention of the cigarette making machine. Once people start smoking they find it difficult to quit the habit. This is due to the addictive effect of nicotine in tobacco smoke. Various epidemiologic and laboratory studies clearly showed that smoking is associated with various diseases such as heart diseases, asthma and emphysema and the associated increase in morbidity and mortality of smokers. Several studies implicate nicotine as the causative factor in tobacco smoke. Apart from nicotine, various carcinogens also occur in tobacco smoke resulting in an increase in the incidence of cancer in smokers. While the smoking habit is decreasing in developed countries, tobacco use increases in the developing countries. Smoking prevalence is also highest in poor communities and amongst those with low education levels. It is important to note that, although ther is a decline in the number of smokers in the developed countries, there is a three to four decades lag between the peak in smoking prevalence and the subsequent peak in smoking related mortality. It has been shown that maternal smoking induces respiratory diseases in the offspring. There is also evidence that parental smoking may program the offspring to develop certain diseases later in life. Various studies showed that maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation via tobacco smoke of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), program the offspring to develop compromised lung structure later in life with the consequent compromised lung function. This implies that NRT is not an option to assist pregnant or lactating smokers to quit the habit. Even paternal smoking may have an adverse effect on the health of the offspring since it has been shown that 2nd and 3rd hand smoking have adverse health consequences for those exposed to it.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	19169736
e-ISSN	19169744
DOI	10.5539/gjhs.v4n4p62
Journal	Global Journal of Health Science
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	4
Language	English
Publisher	Canadian Center of Science and Education
Publisher Date	2012-05-30
Publisher Place	Canada
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Public Health Health Status Mother-child Relations Smoking Adverse Effects Epidemiology Tobacco Smoke Pollution Maternal Exposure Nicotine Administration & Dosage Poisoning Nicotinic Agonists Mortality Time Factors Tobacco Chemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine

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