NDLI: A negativity bias for ambiguous facial-expression valence during childhood: converging evidence from behavior and facial corrugator muscle responses.

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A negativity bias for ambiguous facial-expression valence during childhood: converging evidence from behavior and facial corrugator muscle responses.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Tottenham, Nim Phuong, Jessica Flannery, Jessica Gabard-Durnam, Laurel Goff, Bonnie
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Tottenham N ( Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA. nimtottenham@ucla.edu)
Abstract	Interpretations of facial expressions with ambiguous valence, such as surprised (which can be perceived as having positive or negative valence), reveal individual differences in positivity-negativity biases. Negative interpretations are first and fast, but this initial negativity default can be overridden by regulatory control processes that result in positive interpretations. We tested the initial negativity hypothesis by examining positivity-negativity biases during development. We hypothesized that during childhood, the default negativity mode would be more evident than in adulthood and, as a group, children would show a negativity bias when processing ambiguous facial expressions. We examined ratings of two ambiguous expressions, surprised and neutral expressions, from childhood through adolescence and recorded facial corrugator muscle activity, a physiological index of negative appraisals. Surprised faces were rated as conveying clear negative affect by younger participants as indexed by fast RTs and negative ratings, and corrugator data showed a corresponding increase in activity to surprised faces. By adolescence, positive ratings of surprised faces became more frequent and RTs slowed, suggesting that surprised faces were perceived as having more ambiguous meaning. Accordingly, corrugator activity also decreased during adolescence. Neutral faces also produced negative ratings by children, but were also rated as conveying negative affect by older participants. Accordingly, neutral faces also elicited high corrugator activity that was similar to that elicited by negative expressions. These data show that early in life, ambiguous facial expressions are perceived as conveying negative meaning, adding support for an initial-negativity hypothesis.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	15283542
e-ISSN	19311516
DOI	10.1037/a0029431
Journal	Emotion
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	13
Language	English
Publisher	American Psychological Association
Publisher Date	2013-02-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Psychology Electromyography Emotions Physiology Facial Expression Facial Muscles Social Behavior Adolescent Instrumentation Happiness Neuropsychological Tests Comparative Study Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Psychology

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A Negativity Bias for Ambiguous Facial Expression Valence during Childhood: Converging Evidence from Behavior and Facial Corrugator Muscle Responses

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A Negativity Bias for Ambiguous Facial Expression Valence during Childhood: Converging Evidence from Behavior and Facial Corrugator Muscle Responses

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