NDLI: Babies and bearded dragons: sudden increase in reptile-associated Salmonella enterica serovar Tennessee infections, Germany 2008.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Weiss, Bettina Rabsch, Wolfgang Prager, Rita Tietze, Erhard Koch, Judith Mutschmann, Frank Roggentin, Peter Frank, Christina
Spatial Coverage	Germany
Description	Country affiliation: Germany Author Affiliation: Weiss B ( Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. weissb@rki.de)
Abstract	INTRODUCTION: In 2008 a marked increase in Salmonella enterica serovar Tennessee infections in infants occurred in Germany. In March and April 2008, eight cases were notified compared to a median of 0-1 cases in 2001-2006. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out an investigation including a case-control study to identify the source of infection. A patient was a child < 3 years of age with Salmonella Tennessee isolated from stool from September 1, 2007, through December 31, 2008, identified through the national surveillance system. A control was a child with a notified rotavirus infection in the matching district, frequency matched by age group. We conducted telephone interviews on feeding, herbal infusions, and animal contact. Matched odds ratios (mOR) were calculated using exact conditional logistic regression. For Salmonella Tennessee isolates, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis were performed. Further cloacal swab samples of reptiles kept in case households were investigated. RESULTS: We identified 18 cases < 3 years. Ten children were male; median age was 3 months (1-32 months). In 8 of 16 case households reptiles were kept. Direct contact between child and reptile was denied. Other forms of reptile contact were reported in four of the remaining eight households. Ten case- and 21 control-patients were included in the study. Only keeping of a reptile and 'any reptile contact' were associated with Salmonella Tennessee infection (mOR 29.0; 95% CI 3.1 ± ∞ and mOR 119.5; 95% CI 11.7 - ∞). Identical Salmonella Tennessee strains of child and reptile kept in the same household could be shown in 2 cases. DISCUSSION: Reptiles were the apparent source of Salmonella Tennessee infection in these infants. Indirect contact between infants and reptiles seems to be sufficient to cause infection and should therefore be avoided.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	15303667
Issue Number	9
Volume Number	11
e-ISSN	15577759
Journal	Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases
Language	English
Publisher	Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Publisher Date	2011-09-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Discipline Communicable Diseases Discipline Epidemiology Reptiles Microbiology Salmonella Infections Epidemiology Transmission Animals Case-control Studies Child, Preschool Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-field Female Germany Humans Logistic Models Male Registries Risk Factors Salmonella Enterica Genetics Isolation & Purification Questionnaires Journal Article
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Infectious Diseases Virology Microbiology

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