NDLI: Risk factors for lead exposure in adult population in southern Brazil.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	de Almeida Lopes, Ana Carolina Bertin Navas-Acien, Ana Zamoiski, Rachel Silbergeld, Ellen Kovner Carvalho, Maria de Fatima H. Buzzo, Marcia Liane Urbano, Mariana Ragassi Martins, Airton da Cunha Paoliello, Monica Maria Bastos
Spatial Coverage	Brazil
Description	Country affiliation: Brazil Author Affiliation: de Almeida Lopes AC ( a Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences , State University of Londrina , Parana , Brazil.)
Abstract	In Brazil there is no systematic evaluation to access blood lead levels (BLL) in the general population and few studies with adults have been published. The aim of this study was to examine the socioeconomic, environmental, and lifestyle determinants of BLL in the adult Brazilian population. In total, 959 adults, aged 40 years or more, were randomly selected in a city in southern Brazil. Information on socioeconomic, dietary, lifestyle, and occupational background was obtained by interviews. A spatial analysis was conducted to discern whether there were any identifiable sources of exposure. BLL were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. There was an adjustment for gender, age, race, education, income class, smoking status, alcohol consumption, occupation, and red meat or cow milk consumption (Model 1), and for occupation and gender (Model 2). The geometric mean of BLL was 1.97 µg/dl (95% CI: 1.9-2.04 µg/dl). In Model 1, BLL were positively associated with male gender, older age, and drinking and smoking habits, and less frequently with milk consumption. In Model 2, data showed higher BLL in non-white than white participants, in former smokers and individuals with current or former employment in lead (Pb) industries. The participants living in the area with more Pb industries had higher BLL (3.3 µg/dl) compared with those residing in other areas with no or fewer Pb industries (1.95 µg/dl). Despite the low BLL found in adults living in an urban area, Pb industries need to be monitored and regulatory laws implemented to prevent metal contamination in urban settings.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	15287394
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	78
e-ISSN	10872620
Journal	Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A
Language	English
Publisher	Taylor & Francis
Publisher Date	2015-01-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Environmental Health Discipline Toxicology Environmental Exposure Analysis Environmental Pollutants Lead Blood Adult Brazil Cross-sectional Studies Diet Female Humans Life Style Linear Models Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Risk Factors Socioeconomic Factors Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Toxicology

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