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Torture and Long-Term Health Effects Among Lebanese Female Political Prisoners.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Ghaddar, Ali Elsouri, Ghadier Abboud, Zeinab
Spatial Coverage	Lebanon
Description	Country affiliation: Lebanon Author Affiliation: Ghaddar A ( Observatory of Public Policies and Health, Bonmarche Center, Beirut, Lebanon Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon ali.ghaddar@liu.edu.lb.); Elsouri G ( Observatory of Public Policies and Health, Bonmarche Center, Beirut, Lebanon Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.); Abboud Z ( Khiam Rehabilitation Center, Beirut, Lebanon.)
Abstract	Lebanese prisoners during the Israeli occupation of Lebanon (1981-1999) were subject to regular torture. We examined the association between torture events and post-traumatic stress and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among former women political prisoners. We conducted a retrospective survey and performed health check-ups among 108 former women prisoners. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was measured through the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), and CVDs were assessed by physicians' diagnoses. The study was conducted between September 2008 and March 2010. All 67 participants in the study reported having been subjected to a variety of torture events. The prevalence of PTSD was 28.4% and that of CVD was 16.42%, respectively. PTSD and CVD were more likely to occur among women who had had longer imprisonment periods, and PTSD specifically was associated with exposure to torture (beating: OR = 1.49; 95% CI [0.48, 4.27] and threatening by rape: OR = 1.43; 95% CI [0.82, 9.30]). CVD was associated with asphyxia with water (OR = 3.86; 95% CI [0.03, 2.28]). Devoutness decreased the risk of PTSD (OR = 0.24; 95% CI [0.08, 1.41]). Torture had adverse long-term effects on prisoners' physiological and psychological health; devoutness played a significant protective role. This study highlights the importance of documenting torture events and identifying the indicators of associated morbidity among surviving political prisoners for the provision of additional resources to care.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	08862605
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	31
e-ISSN	15526518
Journal	Journal of Interpersonal Violence
Language	English
Publisher	Sage Publication
Publisher Date	2016-02-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Interpersonal Relations Prisoners Psychology Stress Disorders, Post-traumatic Survivors Torture Depressive Disorder Female Humans Lebanon Retrospective Studies Etiology Statistics & Numerical Data Women's Health Journal Article
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Clinical Psychology Applied Psychology

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