NDLI: Runoff and nutrient losses during winter periods in cold climates--requirements to nutrient simulation models.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Deelstra, Johannes Kvaernø, Sigrun H. Granlund, Kirsti Sileika, Antanas Sigitas Gaigalis, Kazimieras Kyllmar, Katarina Vagstad, Nils
Spatial Coverage	Europe
Description	Country affiliation: Norway Author Affiliation: Deelstra J ( Bioforsk-Soil and Environment Division, Frederik A. Dahls vei 20, 1432 As, Norway. johannes.deelstra@bioforsk.no)
Abstract	Large areas in Europe may experience frozen soils during winter periods which pose special challenges to modelling. Extensive data are collected in small agricultural catchments in Nordic and Baltic countries. An analysis on measurements, carried out in four small agricultural catchments has shown that a considerable amount of the yearly nutrient loss occurs during the freezing period. A freezing period was defined as the time period indicated by the maximum and minimum points on the cumulative degree-day curve. On average 6-32% of the yearly runoff was generated during this period while N-loss varied from 5-35% and P loss varied from 3-33%. The results indicate that infiltration into frozen soils might occur during the freezing period and that the runoff generating processes, at least during a considerable part of the freezing period, are rather similar compared to the processes outside the freezing period. Freeze-thaw cycles affect the infiltration capacity and aggregate stability, thereby the erosion and nutrient losses. The Norwegian catchment had a high P loss during the freezing period compared to the other catchments, most likely caused by catchment characteristics such as slope, soil types, tillage methods and fertiliser application. It is proposed to use data, collected on small agricultural dominated catchments, in the calibration and validation of watershed management models and to take into account runoff and nutrient loss processes which are representative for cold climates, thereby obtaining reliable results.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14640325
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	11
e-ISSN	14640333
Journal	Journal of Environmental Monitoring
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Publisher Date	2009-03-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Discipline Environmental Health Cold Climate Computer Simulation Models, Theoretical Seasons Water Pollutants, Chemical Chemistry Conservation Of Natural Resources Methods Environmental Monitoring Europe Nitrogen Phosphorus Journal Article
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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